International Association of Educators   |  ISSN: 2834-7919   |  e-ISSN: 1554-5210

Original article | International Journal of Progressive Education 2008, Vol. 4(3) 6-33

Political, Economic, Socio-Cultural, and Educational  Challenges  of  Administering a Sino-US Joint Venture Campus in   China

Osman Özturgut

pp. 6 - 33   |  Manu. Number: ijpe.2008.002

Published online: October 15, 2008  |   Number of Views: 79  |  Number of Download: 447


Abstract

This qualitative study explored the  political,  economic,  socio-cultural,  and  educational challenges of administering a Sino-U.S. joint-venture campus in the  People’s Republic of China. China American University  (CAU)  is  an  educational  joint venture between China Investment Company (CIC) and  American  University (AU) in the U.S. that resulted in naming CAU a branch campus of AU. Data were acquired through semi-structured interviews, surveys, and  participant  observations.  The researcher interviewed, surveyed and observed U.S.  administrators  and  executives, American teachers, Chinese students, and Chinese staff. This study concluded that there are many challenges of administering such a Sino-U.S. joint venture campus in China. Administering a Sino-U.S. joint venture campus in China requires a broad understanding of the host country and a significant amount of flexibility. More research is needed to understand how American the so-called  American education is in China, including what the standards are and  who  is,  as Knight (2004) says, “monitoring” and “assuring the relevance and quality” of such programs (p. 84).

Keywords:


How to Cite this Article?

APA 6th edition
Ozturgut, O. (2008). Political, Economic, Socio-Cultural, and Educational  Challenges  of  Administering a Sino-US Joint Venture Campus in   China . International Journal of Progressive Education, 4(3), 6-33.

Harvard
Ozturgut, O. (2008). Political, Economic, Socio-Cultural, and Educational  Challenges  of  Administering a Sino-US Joint Venture Campus in   China . International Journal of Progressive Education, 4(3), pp. 6-33.

Chicago 16th edition
Ozturgut, Osman (2008). "Political, Economic, Socio-Cultural, and Educational  Challenges  of  Administering a Sino-US Joint Venture Campus in   China ". International Journal of Progressive Education 4 (3):6-33.

References
  1. Adler, N. J. (1991). International  dimensions  of  organizational  behavior.  Boston, MA: PWS-Kent. [Google Scholar]
  2. Alston, J. P. (1989). Managerial principles in Japan, China, and Korea. Business Horizon, 32, pp. 26-31 [Google Scholar]
  3. Andersen, J. F., & Powell, R. (1991).  Intercultural communication and the classroom.  In L. A. Samovar and R.E. Porter (Eds.), Intercultural Communication: A Reader. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth,  Inc. [Google Scholar]
  4. Atkinson, W. (2004). Doing business in and with China: The risks are great, but so     are the rewards. Risk Management, 51(3),  24. [Google Scholar]
  5. Bodycott, P., & Walker, A. (2000). Teaching abroad: lessons learned  about  intercultural understanding for teacher in  higher  education.  Teaching  in Higher Education, 5(1). [Google Scholar]
  6. Bogdan, R. C. & Biklen, S. K. (1982). Qualitative research for education: An introduction to theory and methods.  Boston: MA, Allyn and Bacon,   Inc. [Google Scholar]
  7. Boisot, M., & Child, J. (1988). From fiefs to  clans  and  network  capitalism:  Explaining China’s emerging economic order. Administrative Science  Quarterly, 41, pp. 600-628 [Google Scholar]
  8. Bond, M. H. (1991). Beyond the Chinese face: Insights from psychology. Oxford University Press: Hong Kong [Google Scholar]
  9. Chan, W. T. (1967). The individual Chinese religions. In Morehead, C.A. (Ed.), The Chinese mind, University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu,  HI. [Google Scholar]
  10. Chan, S. (1999). The Chinese learner – a question of style. Education and Training,     41 (6/7), 294-304. [Google Scholar]
  11. Chen, M.  (1994).   Guanxi and the Chinese art of network building. New Asia   Review. 40-43. [Google Scholar]
  12. Chen, M. (1995).  Asian management systems: Chinese, Japanese, and Korean styles   of business. Routledge:  London. [Google Scholar]
  13. Chen, Z. (2002, October 17). Historical accomplishments in education reform and development. China Education Daily,  1-3. [Google Scholar]
  14. Child, J. (2000).   Management and organizations in China: Key trends and issues.     In J. T. Li, Anne S. Tsui and Elizabeth Weldon (eds.). Management and oganizations in China. London: Macmillan,  33-62. [Google Scholar]
  15. China International Education Association (August 1, 2004). The U.S.-China Higher Education Summit. Beijing,  China. [Google Scholar]
  16. Cortazzi, M & Li, J.  (1996).  Cultures of learning. Language classrooms in China.     In H. Coleman (ed.) Society and the Language Classroom. Cambridge University Press, 169-206. [Google Scholar]
  17. Cortazzi M., & Jin, L. (2001). Large classes in China:  ‘Good’  teachers  and  interaction. In David, A., & Biggs, J. B. (eds) Teaching the Chinese Learner: Psychological and Pedagogical Perspectives. HK: CERC,   115-134. [Google Scholar]
  18. Daniels, J. D., Krug, J., & Nigh, D. (1985). U.S. Joint ventures in China: Motivation     & management of political risk, California Management Review, 19(4), p. 77- 94 [Google Scholar]
  19. Dunne, M. J. (August, 1995). Scaling the wall of China. Management Review. Eckel, [Google Scholar]
  20. P. D., Green, M. F., Caine, B. A. (2004). Curricular joint ventures: A new chapter in U.S. cross-border education? Policy Futures in Education, 2(2), 299-315. [Google Scholar]
  21. Franko, L.G. (1971). Joint Venture Survival in Multinational Corporations, Praeger: New York. [Google Scholar]
  22. Garrett, R. (Winter, 2004). Foreign higher education activity in China. International Higher Education. Boston College: Center for International Higher   Education. [Google Scholar]
  23. Geringer, JM and L. Hebert (1991). Measuring performance of international joint Ventures. Journal of International Business Studies, 22(2), pp.   249-263.; [Google Scholar]
  24. Ginsberg, E. (1992). Not just a matter of English. HERDSA News, 14(1), 6-8.   Harrigan,  K.R.  (1986).  Managing  for joint  venture  success,  Lexington  Books, D.C. Heath, Lexington. [Google Scholar]
  25. Hayhoe, R. (1989b). China’s universities and the open door. New York: M.E. Sharpe Inc. [Google Scholar]
  26. Hofstede, G. (1980). Cultural Consequences: International Differences in  Work  Related Values. Beverly Hills, CA:  Sage. [Google Scholar]
  27. Hofstede, G., & Bond, M. (1988). The Confucius connection: From cultural roots to economic growth.   Organizational Dynamics, 9(1),  42-63. [Google Scholar]
  28. Holton, R. H. (1990). Human resource management in the  People’s  Republic  of  China. Management International Review, 30,  121-136. [Google Scholar]
  29. Huang, F. (2003). Transnational higher education: A perspective from China. Higher Education Research and Development,  22(2). [Google Scholar]
  30. Jen, T. C. W. (2001). Cross cultural studies in Sino-Foreign joint ventures. Journal of International and Area Studies, 8(2),  37-54. [Google Scholar]
  31. Knight, J. (1999): Internationalization of higher education. IMHE (1999): Quality and Internationalization in Higher Education. Paris:  OECD [Google Scholar]
  32. Knight, J., & de Wit, H. (Eds.) (1999). Quality and internationalization in higher education.   Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation &  Development. [Google Scholar]
  33. Knight, J. (2004). Cross-border post-secondary education in North America. In, Internationalization and Trade in Higher Education: Opportunities and challenges.   OECD, Paris. [Google Scholar]
  34. Kogut, B. (1989). A note on global strategies. Strategic Management Journal, 10, pp. [Google Scholar]
  35. 383-389. [Google Scholar]
  36. Kozminski, A. K. (1995). Lessons from the restructuring of Post-Communism enterprises. In Communicating organizational change: A management perspective. Cushman, D. P and King, S. S. (Eds.), State University of New York, New York. [Google Scholar]
  37. Kwong, J. (1979). Chinese education in transition. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press. [Google Scholar]
  38. Leung, K. (1992). Decision making. In R. I.  Westwood  (ed.),  Organizational  behavior: Southeast Asian perspectives.   Hong Kong:  Longman. [Google Scholar]
  39. Levine, J. B., & Byrne, J. A. (1986). Odd Couples. Business Week, July, 100-106   Little, A. (2000). Development studies and comparative education: Context, content, comparison and contributors. Comparative Education, 36(3),   279-296. [Google Scholar]
  40. Liu, J. (2001). Asian students' classroom communication  patterns  in  U.  S.  universities. Westport: Ablex  Publishing. [Google Scholar]
  41. Luo, Y. (1995). Business strategy, market structure, and performance of international joint ventures: The case of joint ventures in China. Management International Review, 35(3). [Google Scholar]
  42. Maley, A. (1983). Xanadu—‘A miracle of rare device’: The teaching of English in China.   Language Learning. [Google Scholar]
  43. Min, W.  (2004). Chinese higher education: The legacy of the past and the context of  the future. In Altbach, P. G. and Umakoshi, T. (eds.). Asian Universities: Historical Perspectives and Contemporary Challenges. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press,  53-83. [Google Scholar]
  44. Ministry of Education. (March 1, 2003). Regulations on foreign higher education activity. Beijing: Ministry of  Education. [Google Scholar]
  45. Mok, J. K. H. (2001). From state control to governance: Decentralization and higher education in Guangdong, China. International Review of Education, 47(1), 123-149. [Google Scholar]
  46. Newell, S. (1999). The transfer of management to China: Building  learning communities rather than translating Western  textbooks?  Education  &  Training, 41(6). [Google Scholar]
  47. OECD (2004a). Internationalization and trade in  higher  education:  Opportunities  and challenges. OECD,  Paris. [Google Scholar]
  48. OECD (2004b). Quality and recognition in higher education: The cross-border challenge. OECD, Paris. [Google Scholar]
  49. OECD (2005). China in the global Economy: Governance in China. OECD,   Paris Open Doors.  http://opendoors.iienetwork.org.  May  2004.  Accessed  on  July  10, 2005. [Google Scholar]
  50. Osland, G. E., & Cavusgil, S. T. (1996). Performance issues in US-China  joint  ventures. California Management Review, 38(2),  106-121. [Google Scholar]
  51. Parkhe, A. (1993). Partner nationality and the structure-performance relationship in strategic alliances. Organization Science, 4(2), pp.  301-324. [Google Scholar]
  52. Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods. Newbury Park,   CA: Sage Publications [Google Scholar]
  53. Sapp, D. A. (2002). Towards an international and intercultural understanding of plagiarism and academic dishonesty in composition: Reflections from the People’s Republic of China. Issues in Writing,  13(1). [Google Scholar]
  54. Shi, X. & Westwood R. I. (2000). International business negotiation in the Chinese context. . In J. T. Li, Anne S. Tsui & Elizabeth Weldon (eds.).  Management  and organizations in China. London: MacMillan,   185-221. [Google Scholar]
  55. Si, S. X. & Bruton, G. D. (1999). Knowledge transfer in international joint ventures in transitional economies: The China experience, The Academy of Management Executive, 13(1), 83-91. [Google Scholar]
  56. Southworth, D. B. (1999). Building a business school in China: The case of the China Europe international business school. Education and Training,   6/7,325-330 [Google Scholar]
  57. Su, Z. (1999). Successful managers in international joint-ventures in China. The International Scope Review.  1(1). [Google Scholar]
  58. Sun, H. C., Vandenberghe, R., & Creemers, B. P. M. (2003). Dilemmas faced by a university president in educational reforms. Qualitative Studies in Education, 16(2), 233-250. [Google Scholar]
  59. The Observatory on Borderless Higher Education. No. 5,   2002. [Google Scholar]
  60. Tsang, E. (1999). Internationalization as a learning process: Singapore  MNCs  in  China. The Academy of Management Executive, 13(1),   91-9. [Google Scholar]
  61. Tse, D. K., Au, K. Y., & Vertinsky, I. (1996). European joint ventures in China: Characteristics and entry strategies. In A. G. Woodside & R.  E.  Pitts,  Creating and managing international joint ventures. (Eds.). Connecticut: Quorum Books. [Google Scholar]
  62. Tsui, A. (1996). Reticence and anxiety in second language teaching. 145-167. In K. Bailey & D. Nunan (Eds.). Voices from the language classroom. Cambridge: Cambridge  University Press). [Google Scholar]
  63. Warren, D. E., Dunfee, T.W., Li, N. ( 2004). Social exchange in China: The double- edged sword of guanxi. Journal of Business Ethics, 55, pp.   355-372. [Google Scholar]
  64. Willis,  M. (2000a). How Chinese state universities and foreign universities cooperate  in an international education market: The development and application of a   four tiered Sino-Foreign higher education cooperation model. Proceedings of  the Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference. Brisbane, Queensland, Paper #254. [Google Scholar]
  65. Willis, M. (2000b). An evaluation of entry processes used by foreign universities entering the Chinese higher education market: Was a staggered form of entry used? Proceedings of the Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference.  Brisbane, Queensland. [Google Scholar]
  66. Wilpert, B., Scharpf, S. Y. (1990). Intercultural management - joint ventures in the People's Republic of China. International Journal of Psychology, 25, pp. 643 656. [Google Scholar]
  67. Xiaohua, L. (2004). Determinations of cultural adaptation in Chinese-U.S. joint ventures. Cross Cultural Management,  11(1). [Google Scholar]
  68. Xiaoping, H. (2002). Soaring fees at  institutions  of  higher  learning.  Chinese Education and Society, 35(1),  21–27. [Google Scholar]
  69. Xuan, G. L., & Graf, G. (1996). Key issues in the creation of  international  joint ventures with China.   In  Creating and managing international joint    ventures. A. G. Woodside & R. E. Pitts. (Eds.) Connecticut: Quorum   Books. [Google Scholar]