International Association of Educators   |  ISSN: 2834-7919   |  e-ISSN: 1554-5210
International Journal of Progressive Education
International Association of Educators

Original article | International Journal of Progressive Education 2020, Vol. 16(5) 256-274

The Relationship Between School Principals' Leadership Styles, School Culture and Organizational Change

Ramazan Atasoy

pp. 256 - 274   |  DOI: https://doi.org/10.29329/ijpe.2020.277.16   |  Manu. Number: MANU-2003-17-0003

Published online: October 09, 2020  |   Number of Views: 1822  |  Number of Download: 1518

Save PDF

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to identify the relationship between the leadership styles of school principals, school culture and their organizational change management capacity according to the teachers’ perceptions. In the study, a quantitative research design was employed during data collection and the analysis phases. The sample of the study comprises randomly selected 382 teachers working in North Cyprus, during the 2019-2020 school year. The leadership styles scale of school principals, the scale for school culture and the scale of the organisational change management were used as data collection tools. Pearson correlation, regression, and path analysis were used for analysing data in addition to descriptive statistics. It was found that school principals exhibit transformational leadership characteristics, the perception of school culture by the teachers is strong and the perception of the organisational change is a medium level. It was also found that there are significant relationships between leadership styles, school culture, and organisational change, along with transformational and transactional leadership styles of school principals, which significantly predicted school culture, and school culture, which significantly predicted all sub-dimensions of organisational change. School culture has a mediator effect on both leadership styles and all sub-dimensions of organisational change, except that transformational leadership has only fully mediation effect with evaluating stage of organizational change. This research reveals the presumptions that transformational leadership executed by the principals supports to a greater extent positive effect on the teachers rather than transactional leadership and to contribute positive school culture and strengthening of organisational change process of the educational institutions. The models suggested in the study show that school culture might be effective in reducing negative behaviours of the teachers regarding the organizational change. To cope with resistance, prevent or reduce opposite opinions and negative indications of each stage of organizational change, strengthening teachers with the help of school culture is required.

Keywords: Leadership Styles; Educational Administration; School Culture; Organizational Change; Teachers

How to Cite this Article?

APA 6th edition
Atasoy, R. (2020). The Relationship Between School Principals' Leadership Styles, School Culture and Organizational Change . International Journal of Progressive Education, 16(5), 256-274. doi: 10.29329/ijpe.2020.277.16

Harvard
Atasoy, R. (2020). The Relationship Between School Principals' Leadership Styles, School Culture and Organizational Change . International Journal of Progressive Education, 16(5), pp. 256-274.

Chicago 16th edition
Atasoy, Ramazan (2020). "The Relationship Between School Principals' Leadership Styles, School Culture and Organizational Change ". International Journal of Progressive Education 16 (5):256-274. doi:10.29329/ijpe.2020.277.16.
References
  1. Afsar, B., Yuosre, F. B., Saeed, B. B., & Hafeez, S. (2016). Transformational and transactional leadership and employee’s entrepreneurial behavior in knowledge–intensive industries. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 1-27. Doi:10.1080/09585192.2016.1244893 [Google Scholar]
  2. Ak, M. (2006). İlköğretim okulu yöneticilerinin değişimi yönetme yeterlikleri (Uşak ili örneği). Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Afyon. [Google Scholar]
  3. Akan, D., & Yalçın, S. (2015). The investigation of relationship between the leadership style school principals’ and teachers’organizational commitment level. Journal of Education and Humanities: Theory and Practice, 6(11), 123-150. [Google Scholar]
  4. Angus, J. M., Prater, D. L., & Busch, S. (2009). The effects of school culture and climate on student achievement. International Journal Leadership in Education, 12(1), 73-84. Doi:10.1080/13603120701576241. [Google Scholar]
  5. Antonakis, J., Avolio, B. J., & Sivasubramaniam, N. (2003). Context and leadership: an examination of the nine-factor full-range leadership theory using the multifactor leadership questionnaire. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(3), 261-295. [Google Scholar]
  6. Armenakis, A. A., Harris, S. G., & Mossholder, K. W. (1993). Creating readiness for organizational change. Human Relations, 46(6), 681-703. Doi:10.1177/001872679304600601. [Google Scholar]
  7. Aslan, M., Özer, N., & Ağıroğlu, A. (2009). Administrators’ and teachers’ views on school culture: A qualitative study. Elementary Education Online, 8(1), 268-281. [Google Scholar]
  8. Avcı, A. (2016). Effect of transformational and transactional leadership styles of school principals on organizational culture. Journal of Human Sciences, 13(3), 4780-4807. [Google Scholar]
  9. Avcı, A. (2016). Effect of transformational and transactional leadership styles of school principals on organizational culture. Journal of Human Sciences, 13(3), 4780-4807. Doi:10.14687/jhs.v13i3.4160. [Google Scholar]
  10. Aydın, M. (2010). Eğitim yönetimi. Hatiboğlu Yayınları. [Google Scholar]
  11. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182. [Google Scholar]
  12. Bass, M. B. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: Free Press. [Google Scholar]
  13. Bass, M. B. (1985). Leadership: Good, Better, Best. Organizational Dynamics, 13(3), 26-40. [Google Scholar]
  14. Bass, M. B. (1999). Two decades of research and development in transformational leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(1), 9-32. [Google Scholar]
  15. Basu, R., & Green, S. G. (1997). Leader-member exchange and transformational leadership: An empirical examination of innovative behaviors in leader-member dyads. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 27, 477-497. [Google Scholar]
  16. Boga, I., & Ensari, N. (2009). The role of transformational leadership and organizational change on perceived organizational success. The Psychologist-Manager Journal, 12(4), 235-251. Doi:10.1080/10887150903316248  [Google Scholar]
  17. Bogler, R. (2001). The influence of leadership style on teacher job satisfaction. Educational Administration Quarterly, 37(5), 643-662. [Google Scholar]
  18. Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. [Google Scholar]
  19. Bulanch, C. R. (2001). A 4‐step process for identifying and reshaping school culture. Principal Leadership, 1(8), 48-51. [Google Scholar]
  20. Buluç, B. (2009). Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Algılarına Göre Okul Müdürlerinin Liderlik Stilleri İle Örgütsel Bağlılık Arasındaki İlişki. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 57(57), 5-34. [Google Scholar]
  21. Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. Harper & Row, New York: NY. [Google Scholar]
  22. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2009). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı (10th ed.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi. [Google Scholar]
  23. Carnall, C. A. (1986). Toward a theory for the evaluation of organizational change. Human Relations, 39, 745-766. Doi:10.1177/001872678603900803  [Google Scholar]
  24. Cemaloğlu, N. (2007). The relationship between school administrators’leadership styles and bullying. H. U. Journal of Education, 33, 77-87. [Google Scholar]
  25. Cheng, C. C., Yang, C., & Sheu, C. (2014). The link between eco-innovation and business performance: A Taiwanese industry context. Journal of Cleaner Production, 64, 81-90. Doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.09.050. [Google Scholar]
  26. Coban, O., Ozdemir, S., & J. Pisapia, J. (2019). Top managers’ organizational change management capacity and their strategic leadership levels at Ministry of National Education (MoNE). Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 19(81), 129-146. [Google Scholar]
  27. Cummings, T. G., & Worley, C. G. (2001). Organizational development and adjustment (7th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western College Publishing. [Google Scholar]
  28. Deal, T. E., & Peterson, K. D. (1990). The principal's role in shaping school culture. US Department of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement. [Google Scholar]
  29. Demir, H., & Okan, T. (2008). Etkileşimsel ve Dönüşümsel Liderlik: Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Denemesi. Yönetim, 19(61), 72-90. [Google Scholar]
  30. Demirtaş, Z. (2010). The relationship between school culture and student achievement. Education & Science, 35(158), 3-13. [Google Scholar]
  31. Erdem, O., & Dikici, M. (2009). Liderlik ve kurum kültürü etkileşimi. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 8(29), 198–213. [Google Scholar]
  32. Fasola, O. S., Adeyemi, M., & Olewe, F. T. (2013). Exploring the relationship between transformational, transactional leadership style and organizational commitment among Nigerian banks employees. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics & Management Sciences, 2(6), 96-107. [Google Scholar]
  33. Fullan, M. (2002). The change leader. Educational Leadership, 59(8), 16-20. [Google Scholar]
  34. Giacquinta, J. B. (1973). The Process of Organizational Change in Schools. Review of Research in Education, 1(1), 178-208. Doi:10.3102/0091732x001001178. [Google Scholar]
  35. Gong, Y., Huang, J. C., & Farh, J. L. (2009). Employee learning orientation, transformational leadership, and employee creativity: The mediating role of employee creative self-efficacy. Academy of Management Journal, 52, 765-778. [Google Scholar]
  36. Hadi, N. U., Abdullah, N., & Setosa, I. (2016). Making Sense of Mediating Analysis: A Marketing Perspective. Review of Integrative Business & Economics Research, 5(2), 62-76. [Google Scholar]
  37. Hallinger, P. (2003). Leading Educational Change: reflections on the practice of instructional and transformational leadership. Cambridge Journal of Education, 33(3), 329-352. Doi:10.1080/0305764032000122005. [Google Scholar]
  38. Hallinger, P., & Heck, R. H. (1998). Exploring the principal’s contribution to school effectiveness: 1980–1995. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 9(2), 157-191. [Google Scholar]
  39. Hartog, D. N., Muijen, J. J., & Koopman, P. L. (1997). Transactional versus transformational leadership: An analysis of the MLQ. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 70(1), 19-34. [Google Scholar]
  40. Kalaycı, Ş. (2009). SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri (4th ed.). Ankara: Asil Yayın Dağıtım. [Google Scholar]
  41. Karasar, N. (2009). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Nobel Yayıncılık. [Google Scholar]
  42. Kalkan, Ü., Altınay, F. A., Altınay, Z. G., Atasoy, R., & Dağlı, G. (2020). The Relationship Between School Administrators’ Leadership Styles, School Culture, and Organizational Image. SAGE Open, 10(1), 1-15. Doi:10.1177/2158244020902081 [Google Scholar]
  43. Karadağ, N., & Özdemir, S. (2015). School principals’ opinions regarding creation and development of school culture. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport, 3(4), 259-273. Doi:10.14486/IJSCS387 [Google Scholar]
  44. Katz, D., & Kahn, R. L. (1977). Örgütlerin toplumsal psikolojisi. (H. Can, & Y. Bayar, Trans.) TOAD Yayınları. [Google Scholar]
  45. Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: The Guilford Press. [Google Scholar]
  46. Korkmaz, M. (2006). The relationship between school administrators’ personality traits and leadership styles. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 12(46), 199-226. [Google Scholar]
  47. Korkmaz, M. (2006). The relationship between school administrators’ personality traits and leadership styles. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 12(46), 199-226. [Google Scholar]
  48. Koşar, S. (2008). İlköğretim okulu yöneticilerinin yönetimde gücü kullanma stilleri ile örgüt kültürü arasındaki ilişki. Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara. [Google Scholar]
  49. Krause, D. E. (2004). Influence-based leadership as a determinant of the inclination to innovate and of innovation-related behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 15, 79-102. [Google Scholar]
  50. Kumar, C. R., & Kaptan, S. S. (2007). The Leadership in Management: Understanding Leadership Wisdom. New Delhi: APH Publishing. [Google Scholar]
  51. Leithwood, K., & Jantzi, D. (1990). Transformational leadership: how principals can help reform school cultures. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 1(4), 249-280. [Google Scholar]
  52. Leithwood, K., & Jantzi, D. (2005). A review of transformational school leadership research 1996-2005. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 4(3), 177-199. [Google Scholar]
  53. Levinson, H. (1980). Power, leadership, and the management of stress. Professional Psychology, 11, 497-508. [Google Scholar]
  54. Lewin, K. (1947). Group decision and social change. Readings in social psychology, 3(1), 197-211. [Google Scholar]
  55. Liu, Y., & DeFrank, R. S. (2013). Self-interest and knowledge-sharing intentions: The impacts of transformational leadership climate and HR practices. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24, 1151-1164. [Google Scholar]
  56. Lussier, R. N., & Achua, C. F. (2007). Effective Leadership. Thomson South-Western, OH. [Google Scholar]
  57. Mackinnon, D. P., & Dwyer, J. H. (1993). Estimating mediated effects in prevention studies. Evaluation Review, 17, 144-158. [Google Scholar]
  58. MacKinnon, D. P., Warsi, G., & Dwyer, J. (1995). A simulation study of mediated effect measures. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 30, 41-62. [Google Scholar]
  59. McKillup, S. (2012). Statistics explained: An introductory guide for life scientists. Cambridge University Press. [Google Scholar]
  60. Mendel, C. M., Watson, R. L., & MacGregor, C. J. (2002). A study of leadership behaviors of elementary principals compared with school climate. (Southern Regional Council for Educational Administration October, 6, Eric Document: ED471556). https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED471556  [Google Scholar]
  61. Mortimore, P. (2001). Globalization, effectiveness and improvement. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 12, 229-249. [Google Scholar]
  62. Moslehpour, M., Altantsetseg, P., Mou, W., & Wong, W. K. (2019). Organizational climate and work style: The missing links for sustainability of leadership and satisfied employees. Sustainability, 111(1), 125-148. Doi:10.3390/su11010125 [Google Scholar]
  63. Nadler, D. A., & Tushman, M. L. (1990). Beyond the charismatic leader: Leadership and organizational adjustment. California Management Review, 32(2), 71-92. [Google Scholar]
  64. Nomura, K. (1999). Learning to lead. Thrust for Educational Leadership, 29(2), 18-20. [Google Scholar]
  65. Öncer, A. Z. (2013). Investigation of the effects of transactional and transformational leadership on entrepreneurial orientation. International Journal of Business and Social Research, 3, 153-166. [Google Scholar]
  66. Piccola, R. F., & Colquitt, J. A. (2006). Transformational leadership and job behaviors: The mediating role of core job characteristics. Academy of Management Journal, 49(2), 237-340. [Google Scholar]
  67. Pillai, R., Schriesheim, C. A., & William, E. S. (1999). Fairness perceptions and trust as mediators for transformational and transactional leadership: A two-sample study. Journal of Management, 25(6), 897-933. [Google Scholar]
  68. Poole, M. S., & Ven, A. H. (2004). Handbook of organizational change and innovation. Oxford University Press. [Google Scholar]
  69. Rowold, J., & Schlotz, W. (2009). Transformational and transactional leadership and followers’ chronic stress. Leadership Review, 9, 35-48. [Google Scholar]
  70. Saphier, J., & King, M. (1985). Good seeds grow in strong cultures. Educational Leadership, 42(6), 67–74. [Google Scholar]
  71. Saravo, B., Netzel, J., & Kiesewetter, J. (2017). The need for strong clinical leaders–Transformational and transactional leadership as a framework for resident leadership training. PloS one, 12(8), 186-224. [Google Scholar]
  72. Schein, E. (1961). Management development as a process of influence. Industrial Management Review, 2, 1-19. [Google Scholar]
  73. Schein, E. H. (2010). Organizational Culture and Leadership. J. Ossey-Bass, San Francisco: CA. [Google Scholar]
  74. Senge, P. M. (1990). The Fifth Discipline. Doubleday Currency, New York: NY. [Google Scholar]
  75. Smylie, M. A. (2009). Continuous school improvement. Corwin Press. [Google Scholar]
  76. Stevens, J. P. (2009). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences. Routledge. [Google Scholar]
  77. Stolp, S., & Smith, S. C. (1994). School Culture and Climate: The Role of the Leader. OSSC Bulletin. Eugene: Oregon School Study Council. [Google Scholar]
  78. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. Pearson. [Google Scholar]
  79. Tarraco, R., Hoover, R., & Knippelmeyer, S. (2005). Organizational development and change in universities. Advances in Developing Human Resource. Advances in Developing Human Resource, 37(2), 422-437. [Google Scholar]
  80. Terzi, A. R. (2005). İlköğretim okullarında okul kültürü. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 11, 423-442. [Google Scholar]
  81. Tyssen, A. K., Wald, A., & Spieth, P. (2014). The challenge of transactional and transformational leadership in projects. International Journal of Project Management, 32, 365-375. [Google Scholar]
  82. Vakola, M., & Nikolaou, I. (2005). Attitudes towards organizational change. Employee Relations, 27(2), 160-174. Doi:10.1108/01425450510572685. [Google Scholar]
  83. Yousef, D. A. (2016). Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction and Attitudes toward Organizational Change: A Study in the Local Government. International Journal of Public Administration, 1-12. Doi:10.1080/01900692.2015.1072217. [Google Scholar]
  84. Yukl, G. (2008). Leadership in organizations. Pearson Education. [Google Scholar]
Download
Metric
History
Related

Volume 16 Issue 5

October 2020

All Articles

International Journal of Progressive Education

International Association of Educators.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License.
Privacy policy     |     Terms of Use     |     Use of Cookies
Creative Commons Lisansı
© 2012 - 2024 - THDSoft e-Journal Management System.