International Association of Educators   |  ISSN: 2834-7919   |  e-ISSN: 1554-5210

Original article | International Journal of Progressive Education 2015, Vol. 11(2) 6-13

Mobbing and Stress

Erkan Yaman

pp. 6 - 13   |  Manu. Number: ijpe.2021.007

Published online: September 25, 2021  |   Number of Views: 88  |  Number of Download: 374


Abstract

Mobbing is an important construct which has impact on the numerous psychological variables. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between mobbing and stress. Participants were 436 teachers (206 (55%) were female, 230 (45%) were male) from Sakarya, Turkey. Their ages ranged from 26 to 55 years and the mean age of the participants was 35.2 years. In this study, the Mobbing Scale and the Stress subscale of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale were used. The relationships between mobbing and stress were examined using correlation analysis and the hypothesis model was tested through structural equation modeling. Data were analyzed by LISREL 8.54 and SPSS 11.5. In correlation analysis, humiliation, discrimination, sexual harassment, communication barriers sub- dimensions of mobbing were found positively associated with stress. Hypothesized model was examined via structural equation modeling (SEM). And also accounted for 11% of the stress variance. According to path analysis results, stress was predicted positively by humiliation, discrimination, sexual harassment, and communication barriers. This research shows that mobbing has a direct impact on the stress.

Keywords: Stress, mobbing, structural equation modeling


How to Cite this Article?

APA 6th edition
Yaman, E. (2015). Mobbing and Stress . International Journal of Progressive Education, 11(2), 6-13.

Harvard
Yaman, E. (2015). Mobbing and Stress . International Journal of Progressive Education, 11(2), pp. 6-13.

Chicago 16th edition
Yaman, Erkan (2015). "Mobbing and Stress ". International Journal of Progressive Education 11 (2):6-13.

References
  1. Akın, A., & Çetin, B. (2007). Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS): The study of validity and reliability. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 7(1), 241-268. [Google Scholar]
  2. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Garbin, M. G. (1988). Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review, 8, 77-100. [Google Scholar]
  3. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Manual for the revised Beck Depression  Inventory. [Google Scholar]
  4. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation. [Google Scholar]
  5. Björkqvist, K.;  Österman, K. &  Hjelt-Bäck,  M.  (1994).  Aggression  among university   employees, [Google Scholar]
  6. Agressive Behavior, 20, 173-184. [Google Scholar]
  7. Blase, J.  & Blase, J.  (2003).  The  phenomenology of  principal  mistreatment: teachers’ perspectives. Journal of Educational, 41(4), 367-422. [Google Scholar]
  8. Bren, A., & McNamara, P. M. (2004). An investigation into workplace bullying and organizational culture in healthcare within an Irish hospital setting. The Fourth International Conference On Bullying and Harassment in The Workplace. UK: London. [Google Scholar]
  9. Casimir, M. M. (2002). Administrative mobbing at the university of Toronto: The trial, degradation and dismissal of a professor during the presidency of J. Robert. Canadian Journal of Education, 27( 4), 521. [Google Scholar]
  10. Chun-Wei, Y. & Chun-Yen, W. (2014). The influence of workplace bullying to job stress   in Taiwan, Economics World, 2(2), 92-99. [Google Scholar]
  11. Cusanck, S. (2000). Workplace bullying: Iceberg in sight, soundings needed. The Lancet, 356, pp. 2118. [Google Scholar]
  12. Davenport, N., Schwartz, R. D., & Elliott, G. P. (2003). İşyerinde Duygusal Taciz. (Çev: O. C. Önertoy). İstanbul: Sistem Yayınları. [Google Scholar]
  13. DiMartino, V. (2003). Relationship between work stress and workplace violence in the health   sector, Symposium of Workplace Violence In the Health Sector, Geneva. [Google Scholar]
  14. Einarsen, S. (1999). The nature and causes of bullying at work. International Journal of Manpower, 20(1-2), 16-27. [Google Scholar]
  15. Einarsen, S., Raknes, B. I. & Matthiesen, S. M. (1994). Bullying and harassment at work and their realtionship to work environment quality -an exploratory study. European Work and Organizational Psychologist, 4, 381-401. [Google Scholar]
  16. Eriksen, W. & Einarsen, S. (2004). Gender minority as a risk factor of exposure to bullying at work: The case of male assistant nurses. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 13(4), 473-492. [Google Scholar]
  17. Gary, L.E. (1995). African American men’s perceptions of racial discrimination: A socio-cultural analysis. Social Work Research, 19, 207-217. [Google Scholar]
  18. Hemenover, S.H., & Dienstbier, R.A. (1998). Prediction of health patterns from general appraisal, attributions, coping, and trait anxiety. Motivation and Emotion, 22 (3), 231-254. [Google Scholar]
  19. Hoel, H. (2004). Violence and harassment in European workplaces: Trends and political responses. The Fourth International Conference On Bullying and Harassment in The Workplace, UK: London. [Google Scholar]
  20. Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structural analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 155. [Google Scholar]
  21. Karademas, E.C., & Kalantzi-Azizi, A. (2004). The stress process, self-efficacy expectations, and psychological health. Personality and Individual Differences, 37, 1033-1043. [Google Scholar]
  22. Kersten, M., Kozak, A., Wendeler, D., Paderow, L., Nübling, M. & Nienhaus, A. (2014). Psychological stress and strain on employees in dialysis facilities: A cross-sectional study with the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire, Journal of Occupational Medicine and  Toxicology, 9(4), 2-9. [Google Scholar]
  23. Kortum, E., Leka, S. & Cox, T. (2011). Perceptions of psychosocial hazards, work-related stress and workplace priority risks in developing countries, Journal of Occupational Health, 53(2), 144-55. [Google Scholar]
  24. Lewis, D. (2004). Bullying at work: The impact of shame among university and college lecturers. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 32(3), 281-299. [Google Scholar]
  25. Lewis, S.E. & Orford, J. (2005). Women’s experiences of workplace bullying: changes in social relationship, Journal Of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 15, 29-47. [Google Scholar]
  26. Leymann, H. (1996). The content and development of mobbing at work. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5(2), 165-184. [Google Scholar]
  27. Leymann, H. (2006). The Mobbing Encyclopaedia. Availability: Online at www.leymann.se/English/frame.html (11.12. 2006) [Google Scholar]
  28. Leymann, H., & Gustafsson, A. (1996). Mobbing at work and the development of post-traumatic stress disorders. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5(2), 251-275. [Google Scholar]
  29. Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Sydney: Psychology Foundation. [Google Scholar]
  30. Lynch, J., & O'Moore, M. (2004). Workplace bullying: Psychological effects, coping strategies and personality constructs of recipients of bullying behaviors. The Fourth International Conference On Bullying and Harassment in The Workplace, UK: London. [Google Scholar]
  31. Meeks, S., Woodruff-Borden, J., & Depp, C.A. (2003). Structural differentiation of self-reported depression and anxiety in late life. Anxiety Disorders, 17, 627-646. [Google Scholar]
  32. Mikkelsen, E. G. (2004). Coping with exposure to bullying at work – results from an interview study. The Fourth International Conference On Bullying and Harassment in The Workplace, UK: London. [Google Scholar]
  33. Mikkelsen, E. G. & Einarsen S. (2002). Relationships between exposure to bullying at work and psychological and psychosomatic health complaints: The role of state negative affectivity and generalized self-efficacy. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 43, 397-405. [Google Scholar]
  34. Pranjic, N., Males-Billic, L., Beganlic, A., & Mustajbegovic, J. (2006). Mobbing, stress and work ability index among physicians in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Survey Study. Croat Med Journal, 47, 750-758. [Google Scholar]
  35. Sauter, S.L., Murphy, L.R., & Hurrell, J.J. Jr. (1990). Prevention of work-related psychological disorders. American Psychologist, 45, 1146-1153. [Google Scholar]
  36. Sheehan, M.; Barker, M. & Rayner, C. (1999). Applying strategies for dealing with workplace bullying. International Journal of Manpower, 20(1-2), 50-56. [Google Scholar]
  37. Spielberger, C.D., & Reheiser, E.C. (1995). Measuring occupational stress: The job stress survey. In [Google Scholar]
  38. R. Crandall & P.L. Perrewe (Eds.), Occupational stress: A handbook. (pp. 51-69). Washington D.C.: Taylor & Francis. [Google Scholar]
  39. Tınaz, P. (2006). İşyerinde Psikolojik Taciz. İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım. [Google Scholar]
  40. Tschann, J.M., Flores, E., Pasch, L.A., & VanOss Marin, B. (2005). Emotional distress, alcohol use, and peer violence among Mexican-American and European-American adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 37, 11-18. [Google Scholar]
  41. Vartia, M. (1996). The sources of bullying -psychological work environment and organizational climate. Europen Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5(2), 203-214. [Google Scholar]
  42. Vickers, M. (2006). Writing what’s relevant: workplace incivility in public administration-a wolf in sheep’s clothing, Administrative Theory & Praxis, 28(1), 69-88. [Google Scholar]
  43. Yaman, E. (2007). “Üniversitelerde Bir Eğitim Yönetimi Sorunu Olarak Öğretim Elemanının Maruz Kaldığı İnformal Cezalar: Nitel Bir Araştırma”, Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul. [Google Scholar]
  44. Yaman, E. (2008). Üniversiteler ve Etik: Baskılar ya da Psikolojik Şiddet. İş Ahlâkı, 1, 81-97. Yaman, E. (2009a). Yönetim Psikolojisi Açısından İşyerinde Psikoşiddet. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları. [Google Scholar]
  45. Yaman, E. (2009b). The Validity and Reliability of the Mobbing Scale (MS). Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 9(2), 967-989. [Google Scholar]
  46. Yaman, E. (2010). Perception of faculty members exposed to mobbing about the organizational  culture and climate. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 10(1), 567-578. [Google Scholar]
  47. Zapf, D. (1999). Organisational, work group related and personal causes of mobbing/bullying at work. International Journal of Manpower, 20(1-2), 70-85. [Google Scholar]
  48. Zapf, D., & Einarsen S. (2001). Bullying in the workplace: Resent trends in research and practice- an introduction. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 10(4) 369-373. [Google Scholar]