International Association of Educators   |  ISSN: 2834-7919   |  e-ISSN: 1554-5210

Original article | International Journal of Progressive Education 2011, Vol. 7(3) 6-26

Discussing Ethical Issues in the Classroom: Leveraging Pedagogical  Moments That May Otherwise Undermine Important   Discussions

Douglas J. Simpson, & William J. Hull, Jr.

pp. 6 - 26   |  Manu. Number: ijpe.2011.002

Published online: October 15, 2011  |   Number of Views: 62  |  Number of Download: 340


Abstract

The authors identify, examine, and clarify three kinds of  hindrances  (dismissive/evasive tactics, logical stoppers, and ad hominem arguments) to teaching about ethical issues in P-12 schools. In discussing these three types of obstacles, they stress that the barriers themselves provide both challenges and opportunities for teachers. Indeed, they argue that properly understood and utilized the pedagogical impediments to open, educative discussions can be leveraged into superb learning experiences. The authors provide  illustrations  of how questions  may inhibit  teaching as well as examples of how teachers may turn them into opportunities for productive educational discussions. In addition, the authors emphasize the importance of teachers being prepared to discuss ethical controversies in teacher preparation programs and through professional development activities and, in turn, preparing for and guiding students to discuss controversial ethical issues. Embedded in their arguments is the claim that a democratic society is partially dependent on teachers for the critique and expansion of democratic values and processes and that educators need to support one another as well as be supported by others in their districts and communities as they pursue their educational  responsibilities.

Keywords: Associate at Jenkins, Wagnon, and Young, Lubbock, Texas USA


How to Cite this Article?

APA 6th edition
Simpson, D.J., Hull, W.J. & Jr., (2011). Discussing Ethical Issues in the Classroom: Leveraging Pedagogical  Moments That May Otherwise Undermine Important   Discussions . International Journal of Progressive Education, 7(3), 6-26.

Harvard
Simpson, D., Hull, W. and Jr., (2011). Discussing Ethical Issues in the Classroom: Leveraging Pedagogical  Moments That May Otherwise Undermine Important   Discussions . International Journal of Progressive Education, 7(3), pp. 6-26.

Chicago 16th edition
Simpson, Douglas J., William J. Hull and Jr. (2011). "Discussing Ethical Issues in the Classroom: Leveraging Pedagogical  Moments That May Otherwise Undermine Important   Discussions ". International Journal of Progressive Education 7 (3):6-26.

References
  1. Alexander, J. (2007). The structural evolution of morality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Google Scholar]
  2. Axelrod, R. (1984). The evolution of cooperation. New York: Basic   Books. [Google Scholar]
  3. Bales, K. (2004). Disposable people: New  slavery  in the global economy  (Revised ed.).  Berkeley, CA:  University of California  Press. [Google Scholar]
  4. Barrow, R. (1991). Utilitarianism: A contemporary statement.  Brookfield,  VT:  Edward Elgar Publishing  Company. [Google Scholar]
  5. Belenky, M., Clincy, B., Goldberger, N., & Tarule, J. (1986). Women’s ways of knowing: The development of self, voice, and mind. New York: Basic Books, Inc. [Google Scholar]
  6. Bernstein, B. (1990). Class, codes and control: The structuring  of  pedagogic  discourse. London: Routledge and Kegan  Paul. [Google Scholar]
  7. Bhattacharyya, J., Gabriel, J., & Small, S. (2002). Race and power: Global racism in  the twenty-first century. New York, NY:  Routledge. [Google Scholar]
  8. Brookfield, S., & Preskill, S. (1999). Discussion as a way of teaching: Tools and techniques for democratic classrooms. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley &   Sons. [Google Scholar]
  9. Campbell, K., & Huxman, S. (2009). The rhetorical act, thinking, speaking,  and  writing critically (4th  ed.). Belmont, CA:  Wadsworth. [Google Scholar]
  10. Cambron-McCabe, N., McCarthy, M., & Thomas, S. (2009). Legal rights of teachers and students (2nd  ed.). Boston: Allyn &  Bacon. [Google Scholar]
  11. Camus, A. (1995). Resistance, rebellion, and death. (J. O’Brien, Trans.). New York: Vintage Books. [Google Scholar]
  12. Center for Faculty Excellence (2004). Teaching Controversial Issues. For your consideration . . . suggestions and  reflections  on  teaching  and  learning  (CFC, No.21). Retrieved March, 6,  2010, from  http://cfe.unc.edu/pdfs/FYC21.pdf [Google Scholar]
  13. Claire, H., & Holden, C. (Eds.). (2007). The challenge  of  teaching  controversial  issues. Stroke  on Trent: Trentham  Books. [Google Scholar]
  14. Cohen, S. (1988). How to be a fallibilist. Philosophical Perspectives, 2, 91–123. Coles, R. (2000). The moral life of children. New York:   Grove/Atlantic. [Google Scholar]
  15. Delgado, R. (Ed.). (1995). Critical race theory: The cutting  edge.  Philadelphia:  Temple University Press. [Google Scholar]
  16. Dewey, J. (1916). Democracy and education: An introduction to the philosophy of education. New York: The Free  Press. [Google Scholar]
  17. Dewey,  J.  (1922).  Human nature  and  conduct: An introduction to social psychology. New York: Modern Library. [Google Scholar]
  18. Dewey, J. (1929). The quest for certainty. New York: Minton, Balch and Co. Dewey, J. (1938). Experience and education. New York:   Touchstone. [Google Scholar]
  19. Dewey, J. (1948). Reconstruction in philosophy (Enlarged ed.). Boston: Beacon Press. Dewey, J., & Tufts, J. (1932). Ethics (Revised ed.). New York:   Holt. [Google Scholar]
  20. Dostoyevsky, D. (1982). The brothers Karamazov. (D. Magarshack,   Trans.). Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books  Ltd. [Google Scholar]
  21. Essex, N. (2006). A teacher’s pocket guide to school law. Boston: Pearson. Ennis, R. (1969). Logic in teaching. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:   Prentice-Hall. [Google Scholar]
  22. Eryaman, M. (2006). A hermeneutic approach towards integrating technology into schools: Policy and practice. In S. Tettegah & R. Hunter (Eds.), Technology: Issues in administration, policy, and applications in K-12 schools (pp. 149-  167). Elsevier Science  Publications. [Google Scholar]
  23. Eryaman, M. (2007). From reflective practice to practical wisdom: Towards a post- foundational teacher      education.          International     Journal of           Progressive Education, 3 (1), 1-23. [Google Scholar]
  24. Fisher, L., Schimmel, D., & Kelly, C. (1999). Teachers and the law. New York: Longman. [Google Scholar]
  25. Forrest, M. (2009). Sensitive controversy in teaching to be critical. Paideusis, 18(1), 80-93. [Google Scholar]
  26. Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and punishment: The birth of the prison. New York: Vintage. [Google Scholar]
  27. Freedom Writers, The, with Gruwell, E. (1999). The freedom  writers  diary.  New  York: Broadway Books. [Google Scholar]
  28. Freire, P. (1998). Pedagogy of freedom: Ethics, democracy, and civic courage. (P. Clarke, Trans.). New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,   Inc. [Google Scholar]
  29. Freire, P. (2003). Pedagogy of the oppressed (30th anniversary ed.). (M.  Ramos,  Trans.).   New York: Continuum. [Google Scholar]
  30. Freire, P. (2005). Teachers as cultural workers (Expanded ed.). (D.  Macedo,  D.  Koike, & A. Oliveria, Trans.).  Boulder, CO: Westview   Press. [Google Scholar]
  31. Gay, G. (2000). Culturally responsive teaching: Theory, research, & practice. New York: Teachers College  Press. [Google Scholar]
  32. Green,   J.   (1999).   Deep   democracy:   Community,   diversity,   and  transformation. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,  Inc. [Google Scholar]
  33. Gribble, J. (1969). Introduction to philosophy of education. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc. [Google Scholar]
  34. Habermas, J. (1984). The theory of communicative action. Boston, MA: Beacon   Press. [Google Scholar]
  35. Hall, N. (2008). Causation. In F. Jackson & M. Smith (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook     of Contemporary Philosophy (pp. 505–533). New York: Oxford University Press. [Google Scholar]
  36. Hare, W. (1979). Open-mindedness and education. Montreal: McGill-Queens  University Press. [Google Scholar]
  37. Hare, W. (1993). Attitudes in teaching and education. Calgary, AB:  Detselig Enterprises, Ltd. [Google Scholar]
  38. Hare, W. (2009). What open-mindedness requires. Skeptical Inquirer, 33(1), 36-39. Hess,  D. (2009).  Controversy in the classroom: The democratic power of    discussion. New York:               Routledge. [Google Scholar]
  39. Holmes, R. (2003). Basic moral philosophy (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth. [Google Scholar]
  40. Hurston, Z. (1978). Their eyes were watching God. Urbana:  University  of  Illinois Press. [Google Scholar]
  41. Jones, E. (2003). The known world. New York:  Amistad. [Google Scholar]
  42. Kincheloe. J. (2005). Critical constructivism primer. New York: Peter Lang. Kozol, J. (2005). The shame of the nation. New York: Crown   Publishers. [Google Scholar]
  43. Kozol, J. (2007). Letters to a young teacher. New York: Crown   Publishers. [Google Scholar]
  44. Magrini, J. (2009). How the conception of knowledge influences our educational practices: Toward   a   philosophical   understanding   of     epistemology   in education.Philosophy  Scholarship. Paper 13. http://dc.cod.edu/philosophypub/13 [Google Scholar]
  45. Mah, A. (1997). Falling leaves: The memoir of an unwanted Chinese   daughter. New York: Broadway  Books. [Google Scholar]
  46. McInerney. J. (2006). The good life. New York: Alfred A.   Knopf. [Google Scholar]
  47. McLaren, P. & Farahmandpur, R. (2006). The pedagogy of oppression: A brief look     at No Child Left Behind. Monthly Review, 58(3),  94-99. [Google Scholar]
  48. McLaren, P. (2010). Afterwords. Educational Theory, 60 (3), 391-393. Mill, J. (2004). On liberty. New York: Barnes &  Noble. [Google Scholar]
  49. Moore, R. (2005). Education and society: Issues and explanations in the sociology of education. London: Cambridge: Polity  Press. [Google Scholar]
  50. Morrison, T. (1982). Tar baby. New York: A Plume Book. Morrison, T. (1987). Beloved. New York: A Plume   Book. [Google Scholar]
  51. Nafisi, N. (2004). Reading Lolita in Tehran: A memoir in books. New York: Random House. [Google Scholar]
  52. Nelson, J., Palonsky, S. & McCarthy, M. (2009). Critical issues in education:  Dialogues and dialectics (7th ed.). New York:   McGraw-Hill. [Google Scholar]
  53. Nieto, S. (2000). Affirming diversity: The sociopolitical context of multicultural education (3rd  ed.). New York:  Longman. [Google Scholar]
  54. Noddings, N. (1991). Stories in dialogue: Caring and interpersonal reasoning. In C. Witherell & N. Noddings (Eds.), Stories lives tell: Narrative and dialogue in education (pp. 157-170). New York: Teachers College   Press. [Google Scholar]
  55. Noddings, N. (1992). The challenge to care in schools. New York: Teachers College Press. [Google Scholar]
  56. Noddings, N. (1993). Educating for intelligent belief or unbelief. New York: Teachers College Press. [Google Scholar]
  57. Norris, S. (1992). The generalizability of critical thinking. New York:  Teachers  College Press. [Google Scholar]
  58. Oakeshott, M. (1991). Moral consciousness and communicative action. Cambridge,  MA: MIT Press. [Google Scholar]
  59. Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2005). Critical thinking: Tools for taking charge  of  your  learning and your life (2nd  ed.).  New York: Prentice  Hall. [Google Scholar]
  60. Paz,  O. (1985).  The labyrinth of solitude.  (L.  Kemp, Y. Milos, & R.  Belash,  Trans.). New York: Grove Press. [Google Scholar]
  61. Peters, R. (1970). Ethics and education. London: George Allen and   Unwin. [Google Scholar]
  62. Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. (2004). Character strengths and virtues. Washington, D.C.: Oxford University  Press. [Google Scholar]
  63. Pinker, S. (2008, January 13). The moral instinct. The New York Times. Retrieved January 29, 2008, from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/13/magazine/13Psychology-t.html [Google Scholar]
  64. Schon, D. (1983). How professionals think in action. New York: Basic   Books. [Google Scholar]
  65. Scott, C. (2009). Epistemological multilingualism: A tool for conviviality. Paideusis, 18(2), 43-54. [Google Scholar]
  66. Schwandt, T. (2002). Evaluation as practical hermeneutics. In T.A. Schwandt   (Ed.), Evaluation practices revisited (pp. 59-74). New York: Peter Lang   Publishing. [Google Scholar]
  67. Shermer, M. (1997). Why people believe weird things: Pseudoscience, superstition, and other confusions of our time. New York: Henry Holt &   Company. [Google Scholar]
  68. Siegel, H. (2007). What is freedom of speech in teaching? In W. Hare & J. Portelli (Eds.),Key questions for educators. San Francisco, CA: Caddo Gap   Press. [Google Scholar]
  69. Simpson, D. (2010). The high stakes of artificial dialogue in teacher   education. Teacher Education & Practice, 22 (4),  478-481. [Google Scholar]
  70. Simpson, D., Jackson, M., & Aycock, J. (2005). John Dewey and the art of teaching: Toward reflective and imaginative practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. [Google Scholar]
  71. Stadler, D. (2007). Law and ethics in educational leadership. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Merrill/Prentice Hall. [Google Scholar]
  72. Stone, D., Patton, B., & Heen, S. (1999). Difficult conversations: How to discuss what matters most. New York:  Viking. [Google Scholar]
  73. Vogt, W. (1997). Tolerance & education: Learning to live with diversity  and  difference. Thousand Oaks, CA:  Sage. [Google Scholar]
  74. Vokey, D. (2010). Border crossings: Dialogue across and within fields and   traditions. Paideusis, 19(1), 69-76. [Google Scholar]
  75. Wagner, P., & Simpson, D. (2009). Ethical decision making in school administration: Leadership as moral architecture. Thousand Oaks, CA:   Sage. [Google Scholar]
  76. Walls, J. (2005). The glass castle: A memoir. New York:   Scribner. [Google Scholar]
  77. Wegner, J. (2006). Difficult dialogues initiative  discussion  guide:  Promoting  pluralism and academic freedom on campus. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. [Google Scholar]
  78. Weiss, D. (2009). Holder says US is ‘Nation of Cowards’ in racial   discussions. Retrieved February 21, 2009, from http://abajournal.com/news/holder_says_us_is_nation_of_cowards_in_racial_ discussions [Google Scholar]
  79. West, C. (1993). Race matters. Boston: Beacon  Press. [Google Scholar]
  80. West, C. (2004). Democracy matters: Winning the fight against  imperialism.  New York:   The Penguin Press. [Google Scholar]
  81. Williams, J. (1994). Classroom in conflict: Teaching controversial subjects  in  a  diverse society. Albany: State University of New York   Press. [Google Scholar]
  82. Wong, D. (2006). Natural moralities: A defense of pluralistic relativism. New York: Cambridge University Press. [Google Scholar]