International Association of Educators   |  ISSN: 2834-7919   |  e-ISSN: 1554-5210

Original article | International Journal of Progressive Education 2024, Vol. 20(4) 18-41

An Examination of the Relationship Between Reading Culture and Mathematical Literacy Self-Efficacy of Pre-Service Teachers

Ruhan Karadağ Yılmaz, Tuğba Horzum & İlhan Koyuncu

pp. 18 - 41   |  DOI: https://doi.org/10.29329/ijpe.2024.1055.2   |  Manu. Number: MANU-2407-11-0001

Published online: August 01, 2024  |   Number of Views: 13  |  Number of Download: 82


Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the correlation between reading culture and the mathematical literacy self-efficacy among pre-service teachers and assesses these variables in relation to several factors. Utilizing convenience sampling, the research sample consists of 562 pre-service teachers studying in mathematics and primary school teaching programs in seven different universities. Data was gathered using the Reading Culture and Mathematical Literacy Self-Efficacy Scales, along with a personal information form. Both descriptive and inferential statistical methods were employed to analyze the data. Results revealed a significant but low-level correlation between reading culture, its sub-dimensions, and mathematical literacy self-efficacy levels among pre-service teachers. Notably, pre-service teachers engaging with scientific books demonstrated higher mathematical literacy self-efficacy than those preferring literary books. In addition, pre-service teachers’ scores of mathematical literacy self-efficacy and reading culture are not independent of the department they study in. Reading culture, gender, and department were significant predictors of mathematical literacy.

Keywords: mathematical literacy, reading culture, reading habit, self-efficacy


How to Cite this Article?

APA 6th edition
Yilmaz, R.K., Horzum, T. & Koyuncu, I. (2024). An Examination of the Relationship Between Reading Culture and Mathematical Literacy Self-Efficacy of Pre-Service Teachers . International Journal of Progressive Education, 20(4), 18-41. doi: 10.29329/ijpe.2024.1055.2

Harvard
Yilmaz, R., Horzum, T. and Koyuncu, I. (2024). An Examination of the Relationship Between Reading Culture and Mathematical Literacy Self-Efficacy of Pre-Service Teachers . International Journal of Progressive Education, 20(4), pp. 18-41.

Chicago 16th edition
Yilmaz, Ruhan Karadag, Tugba Horzum and Ilhan Koyuncu (2024). "An Examination of the Relationship Between Reading Culture and Mathematical Literacy Self-Efficacy of Pre-Service Teachers ". International Journal of Progressive Education 20 (4):18-41. doi:10.29329/ijpe.2024.1055.2.

References
  1. Ajayi, S. A., Shorunke, O. A., & Aboyade, M. A. (2014). The influence of electronic resources use on students’ reading culture in Nigerian universities: A case of study of Adeleke University Ede, Osun State. Library Philosophy and Practice, Paper 1182. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/1182  [Google Scholar]
  2. Ajello, A.M., Caponera, E. & Palmerio, L. (2018). Italian students’ results in the PISA mathematics test: Does reading competence matter? European Journal of Psychology of Education, 33, 505–520. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-018-0385-x  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  3. Akcay, A. O., Semercioglu, M. S., & Güllü, H. (2022). The relationship between pre-service primary school teachers' perception of 21st-century skills, mathematical literacy self-efficiency, and financial literacy attitudes and behaviors. Mimbar Sekolah Dasar, 9(1), 81-97. http://dx.doi.org/10.53400/mimbar-sd.v9i1.41270  [Google Scholar]
  4. Alex-Nmecha, J. C., & Horsfall, M. N. (2019). Reading culture, benefits, and the role of libraries in the 21st century. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1-11. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/reading-culture-benefits-role-libraries-21st/docview/2300552054/se-2  [Google Scholar]
  5. Ali, M., Tehseentahir, Umbreenishfaq. (2023). Impact of professional development on self-efficacy of mathematics teachers. Russian Law Journal, 11(8), 458-471. https://doi.org/10.52783/rlj.v11i8s.1251  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  6. Altıntaş, E., Özdemir, A. Ş., & Kerpiç, A. (2012). Öğretmen adaylarının matematik okuryazarlığı özyeterlik algılarının bölümlere göre karşılaştırılması [Comparison of perception of preservice teachers’ self-efficacy of mathematical literacy according to their programs]. Trakya University Journal of Education, 2(2), 26-34. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/trkefd/issue/21476/230187  [Google Scholar]
  7. Altunkaya, H., & Doğar, B. (2018, September 13-15). Book reading culture of the teacher candidates. Paper presented at II. International Educational Research and Teacher Education Congress (pp. 315-328). Kuşadası, Türkiye: Adnan Menderes University. [Google Scholar]
  8. Aramide, K. A. (2023). Investigation into the reading culture of undergraduates in Nigerian universities: A qualitative approach. Library and Information Perspectives and Research, 5(1), 63 - 72. http://doi.org/10.47524/lipr.v5i1.64  [Google Scholar]
  9. Arofah, I., & Ningsi, B. A. (2021). The influence of reading interest and study habits against mathematics learning outcomes. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal), 4(4), 11201-11206. Retrieved from https://www.bircu-journal.com/index.php/birci/article/view/3179   [Google Scholar]
  10. Arslan, Ç., & Yavuz, G. (2012). A study on mathematical literacy self-efficacy beliefs of prospective teachers. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 5622-5625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.484  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  11. Aydoğan-Yenmez, A., & Gökçe, S. (2023). Investigating the role of modeling practices on mathematical literacy. Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 12(1), 180-189. https://doi.org/10.14686/buefad.1027353  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  12. Ayvaz Can, A. (2019). Sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının matematik okuryazarlığı öz-yeterlik düzeylerinin incelenmesi [Investigation of mathematics literacy self-efficacy levels of pre-service primary teachers]. Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Journal of Faculty of Education 19(3), 753-766. https://doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2019.19.49440-542414  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  13. Azmi, M. N. L. (2013). National language policy and its impacts on second language reading culture. Journal of International Education and Leadership, 3(1), 1-11. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1136083 [Google Scholar]
  14. Baki, Y., & Gökçe, B. (2020). Türkçe öğretmeni adaylarının okuma kültürü düzeylerinin incelenmesi [Examination of reading culture levels of prospective Turkish teachers]. Journal of Language Education and Research, 6(2), 353-375. Retrieved from https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=963251 [Google Scholar]
  15. Balan, S., Katenga, J. E., & Simon, A. (2019). Reading habits and their influence on academic achievement among students at Asia Pacific International University. Abstract Proceedings 7th International Scholars Conference, 7(1), 1490-1516. https://doi.org/10.35974/isc.v7i1.928  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  16. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.. [Google Scholar]
  17. Bardelli, E., Ronfeldt, M., & Papay, J. P. (2023). Teacher preparation programs and graduates’ growth in instructional effectiveness. American Educational Research Journal, 60(1), 183–216. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312221137798 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  18. Bernabini, L, Bonifacci, P. & de Jong, P. F. (2021). The relationship of reading abilities with the underlying cognitive skills of math: A dimensional approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 12:577488. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.577488   [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  19. Bilavych, G., & Rozman, I. (2016). Modern fiction as a factor of students’ reading culture development. Advanced Education, 6, 101-105. https://doi.org/10.20535/2410-8286.78139  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  20. Biscevic, I. B., Malec, D., & Memişevic, H. (2021). The relationship of reading and mathematics in third-grade elementary school students in Canton Sarajevo. Školski Vjesnik,  70(1), 205–224. https://doi.org/10.38003/sv.70.1.17   [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  21. Brozo, W.G., Sulkunen, S., Shiel, G., Garbe, A.P., & Valtin, R. (2014). Reading, gender, and engagement: Lessons from five PISA countries. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 57(7), 584-593. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaal.291  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  22. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2014). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı: İstatistik, araştırma deseni, SPSS uygulamaları ve yorum [Data analysis handbook for social sciences: Statistics, research design, SPSS applications and interpretation] (20th ed.). Pegem Akademi. [Google Scholar]
  23. Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., ve Demirel, F. (2014). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri [Scientific research methods]. Pegem Akademi. [Google Scholar]
  24. Cameron, C. E., Kim, H., Duncan, R. J., Becker, D. R., & McClelland, M. M. (2019). Bidirectional and co-developing associations of cognitive, mathematics, and literacy skills during kindergarten. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 62, 135–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2019.02.004 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  25. Chettri, K., & Rout S. K. (2013). Reading habits-An overview. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 14(6), 13-17. https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-01461317  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  26. Cheema, J. R. (2018). Effect of math-specific self-efficacy on math literacy: Evidence from a Greek survey. Research in Education, 102(1), 13-36. https://doi.org/10.1177/0034523717741914  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  27. Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2014). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları [Multivariate statistics for social science: SPSS and LISREL applications]. Pegem Akademi. [Google Scholar]
  28. Dağdelen, M., & Yıldız, A. (2022). The relationship between the secondary school students’ mathematics anxiety and mathematical literacy self-efficacy. Journal of Computer and Education Research, 10(20), 636-655. https://doi.org/10.18009/jcer.1165625  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  29. Deale, C. S., & Lee, S. H. J. (2021). To read or not to read? exploring the reading habits of hospitality management students. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education 34(1), 45-56. https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2020.1868317  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  30. Department of Basic Education [DBE] (2011). Curriculum and assessment policy statement. Further Education and Training Phase Grades 10-12. Mathematical Literacy. Government Printing Works. [Google Scholar]
  31. Draper, R. J., & Siebert, D. (2004). Different goals, similar practices: making sense of the mathematics and literacy instruction in a standards-based mathematics classroom. American Educational Research Journal, 41(4), 927–962. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312041004927  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  32. Eby, M. (2016). Integrating reading into mathematics instruction. University Honors Program Theses, 182. https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/honors-theses/182  [Google Scholar]
  33. Erbeli, F., Shi, Q., Campbell, A. R., Hart, S. A., & Woltering, S. (2021). Developmental dynamics between reading and math in elementary school. Developmental Science, 24(1), e13004. https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fdesc.13004   [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  34. Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2013). How to design and evaluate research in education. McGraw-Hill. [Google Scholar]
  35. Geiger, V., Forgasz, H., & Goos, M. (2015). A critical orientation to numeracy across the curriculum. ZDM Mathematics Education, 47, 611–624. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-014-0648-1   [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  36. Gomez, A. L., Pecina, E.D., Villanueva, S.A. & Huber, T. (2020). The undeniable relationship between reading comprehension and mathematics performance. Issues in Educational Research, 30(4), 1329-1354. http://www.iier.org.au/iier30/gomez.pdf  [Google Scholar]
  37. Hadianto, D., Damaianti, V.S., Mulyati, Y., & Sastromiharjo, A. (2020). Does reading comprehension competence determine level of solving mathematical word problems competence? International Conference on Mathematics and Science Education (ICMScE), Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1806/1/012049    [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  38. Harlaar, N., Kovas, Y., Dale, P. S., Petrill, S. A., & Plomin, R. (2012). Mathematics is differentially related to reading comprehension and word decoding: Evidence from a genetically sensitive design. Journal of Educational Psychology, 104(3), 622–635. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027646  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  39. Harvey, S., & Goudvis, A. (2017). Strategies that work. teaching comprehension for understanding, engagement, and building knowledge -Grades K-8 (3rd ed.). Stenhouse Publishers. [Google Scholar]
  40. Ho, T. T., Pham, G.T., & Dam, Q. (2022). Reading attitudes in Vietnam: Initial study of the early school years. Reading and Writing, 35, 303–323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-021-10181-2 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  41. Hopper, R. (2005). What are teenagers reading? Adolescent fiction reading habits and reading choices. Literacy, 39(3), 113-120. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9345.2005.00409.x  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  42. Huang, S. (2017). Reading practices of pre-service teachers in the United States. Reading Psychology, 38(6), 580-603. https://doi.org/10.1080/02702711.2017.1310160     [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  43. Hübner, N., Merrell, C., Cramman, H., Little, J., Bolden, D., & Nagengast, B. (2022). Reading to learn? The co- development of mathematics and reading during primary school. Child Development, 93, 1760-1776. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13817   [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  44. Igwe, K. N. (2011). Reading culture and Nigeria’s quest for sustainable development. Library Philosophy and Practice, 482. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/482/  [Google Scholar]
  45. İlhan, A., Tutak, T., & Çelik, H. C. (2019). What is the predictive power of visual mathematics literacy perception and its sub-dimensions for geometry success? Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 80, 1-24. Retrieved from  https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ejer/issue/43338/548824   [Google Scholar]
  46. Kamalova, L. A. & Koletvinova, N. D. (2016). The problem of reading and reading culture improvement of students bachelors of elementary education in modern high institution. International Journal of Environmental & Science Education, 11(4), 473-484. https://doi.org/10.12973/ijese.2016.318a      [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  47. Karacaoğlu, Ö. C., & Kasap, Y. (2023). The effect of reading comprehension skills on mathematics and science according to PISA data. International Journal of Educational Research Review, 8(3), 623-637. https://doi.org/10.24331/ijere.1246885  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  48. Karadeniz, A., & Can, R. (2015). A research on book reading habits and media literacy of students at the faculty of education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 4058–4067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.1155  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  49. Kekeeva, Z., Darzhinova, S., & Abdiraimova, E. (2020). Development of the reading culture in preservice teachers amid digitalization of education. E3S Web of Conferences (ITSE-2020), 210, 18083, 1-6.  https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021018083   [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  50. Koyuncu, I. (2016). Verilerin çok değişkenli istatistiksel analizlere hazırlanması [Preparation of data for multivariate statistical analyses]. In C. O. Güzeller (Ed.), Herkes için Çok Değişkenli İstatistik [Multivariate Statistics for Everyone] (s. 1–56). Ankara, Turkey: Maya Akademi. [Google Scholar]
  51. Kuşdemir, Y., Bulut, P., & Uzun, E. B. (2020). Okuma kültürü üzerine bir inceleme: Öğretmen adayları örneği [A study on reading culture: The case of prospective teachers]. Journal of Youth Research, 8(21), 91-95. Retrieved from https://yayinlar.gsb.gov.tr/Public//Files/GAD_21.Sayi.pdf   [Google Scholar]
  52. Kyttälä, M., & Björn, P. (2014). The role of literacy skills in adolescents’ mathematics word problem performance: Controlling for visuo-spatial ability and mathematics anxiety. Learning and Individual Differences, 29, 59-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2013.10.010  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  53. Lerkkanen, M. K., Rasku-Puttonen, H., Aunola, K., & Nurmi, J. E. (2005). Mathematical performance predicts progress in reading comprehension among 7-year olds. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 20(2), 121–137. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03173503  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  54. Maldybaevna, A. A., Absatovna, A. M., Ivanovna, K. T., Bisenovna, A. R., Mentay, S., & Nesipbekovna, O. M. (2022). The development of the university’s readers’ culture. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 17(3), 958–970. https://doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v17i3.6998  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  55. Manuel, J., & Carter, D. (2015). Current and historical perspectives on Australian teenagers’ reading practices and preferences. Australian Journal of Language and Literacy, 38(2), 115-128. Retrieved from https://www.slav.vic.edu.au/index.php/Synergy/article/view/v14120168 [Google Scholar]
  56. Markovitz, C. E., Hernandez, M. W., Hedberg, E. C., & Whitmore, H. W. (2022). Evaluating the effectiveness of a volunteer one-on-one tutoring model for early elementary reading intervention: a randomized controlled trial replication study. American Educational Research Journal, 59(4), 788–819. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312211066848  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  57. Marzuki, & Rusmar, İ. (2017). The impact of students’ habits in the “Focus on lessons and reading books” on student achievement at the higher education. In J. Idris (Ed.), Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Innovative Pedagogy (ICIP 2017) (pp. 1-9). Indonesia: STKIP Bina Bangsa Getsempena. https://repository.bbg.ac.id/handle/456   [Google Scholar]
  58. McCrone, S. S., & Dossey, J. A. (2007). Mathematical literacy-It’s become fundamental. Principal Leadership, 7(5), 32-37. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ767857  [Google Scholar]
  59. McGeown, S. P., Duncan, L.G., Griffiths, Y. M., & Stothard, S. E. (2015). Exploring the relationship between adolescent’s reading skills, reading motivation and reading habits. Reading and Writing, 28, 545–569.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-014-9537-9     [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  60. McKenna, M. C., Kear, D. J., & Ellsworth, R. A. (1995). Children’s attitudes toward reading: A national survey. Reading Research Quarterly, 30(4), 626–639. https://doi.org/10.2307/748205  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  61. Netten, A., Droop, M., & Verhoeven, L. (2011). Predictors of reading literacy for first and second language learners. Reading and Writing, 24, 413–425. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-010-9234-2  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  62. Orellana, P., Melo, C., Baldwin, P., Julio, S. D., & Pezoa J. (2020).  The relationship between motivation to read and reading comprehension in Chilean elementary students. Reading and Writing, 33, 2437–2458 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-020-10051-3  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  63. Önal, H., Yorulmaz, A., Gökbulut, Y., & Çilingir-Altıner, E. (2017). The relationship between pre-service class teachers' self-efficacy in mathematical literacy and their attitudes towards mathematics. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(26), 170-179. Retrieved from https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEP/article/view/38912/40012  [Google Scholar]
  64. Özçakır-Sümen, Ö., & Çalışır, H. (2016). The relationships between preservice teachers’ mathematical literacy self-efficacy beliefs, metacognitive awareness and problem solving skills. Participatory Educational Research, 3(5), 11-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17275/per.16.spi.2.2  [Google Scholar]
  65. Özgen, K., & Bindak, R. (2008). Matematik okuryazarlığı öz-yeterlik ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi [The development of efficacy scale for mathematics literacy]. Kastamonu Educational Journal, 16(2), 517-528. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/kefdergi/issue/49100/626538  [Google Scholar]
  66. Öztop, F., & Toptaş, V. (2022). The relationship between mathematics achievement and reading comprehension skill: A meta-analysis study. Yıldız Journal of Educational Research, 7(1), 12–21. https://dx.doi.org/10.14744/yjer.2022.002  [Google Scholar]
  67. Pajares, F., & Miller, M. D. (1994). Role of self-efficacy and self-concept beliefs in mathematical problem solving: A path analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 86(2), 193–203. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.86.2.193  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  68. Palani, K. K. (2012). Promoting reading habits and creating literate society. Researchers World, 3(2), 90-94. Retrieved from https://www.didarnews.ir/files/fa/news/1398/8/21/129559_545.pdf   [Google Scholar]
  69. Pečjak, S. (2021). Reading culture from the psychological and educational perspectives. Revıja Za Elementarno Izobraževanje Journal of Elementary Education, 14(4), 461-483. https://doi.org/10.18690/rei.14.4.461-483.2021  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  70. Prabowo, A., Suparman, S., Li, C. S., Janan, D., & Damayanti, T. D. (2023). The effect of reading literacy to mathematics comprehension of elementary school students in Indonesia and Malaysia. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 12(1), 546-554. http://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v12i1.25714  [Google Scholar]
  71. Purpura, D. J., Hume, L. E., Sims, D. M., & Lonigan, C. J. (2011). Early literacy and early numeracy: The value of including early literacy skills in the prediction of numeracy development. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 110, 647–658.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2011.07.004  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  72. Reinke, K., Mokhtari, K., & Willner, E. (1997). Preservice teachers' perceptions of the integration of mathematics, reading, and writing. Teacher Education and Practice, 13(2), 61-69. Retrieved from. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ569517 [Google Scholar]
  73. Ruterana, P.C. (2012). The making of a reading society: Developing a culture of reading in Rwanda. [Unpublished doctoral thesis]. Linköping University. [Google Scholar]
  74. Saracaloğlu, A. S., Bozkurt, N., & Serin, O. (2003). Üniversite öğrencilerinin okuma ilgileri ve okuma alışkanlıklarını etkileyen faktörler. Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(12), 149-157. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334849278_Universite_Ogrencilerinin_Okuma_Ilgileri_ve_Okuma_Aliskanliklarini_Etkileyen_Faktorler   [Google Scholar]
  75. Schnulz, W. (2005, April, 11-15). Mathematics self-efficacy and student expectations. Result from PISA 2003. Paper prepared for the Annual Meetings of the American Educational Research Association in Montreal. Melbourne, Australia: Australian Council for Educational Research. [Google Scholar]
  76. Schunk, D., Berger, E. M., Hermes, H., Winkel, K., & Fehr, E. (2022). Teaching self-regulation. Nature Human Behaviour, 6, 1680–1690. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01449-w  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  77. Sezgin-Memnun, D., Akkaya, R., & Hacıomeroglu, G. (2012). The effect of prospective teachers’ problem solving beliefs on self-efficacy beliefs about mathematical literacy. Journal of College Teaching & Learning (TLC), 9(4), 289–298. https://doi.org/10.19030/tlc.v9i4.7299  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  78. Shaul, S. & Schwartz, M. (2014). The role of the executive functions in school readiness among preschool-age children. Reading and Writing, 27, 749–768. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-013-9470-3  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  79. Shepps, F. P., & Shepps, R. R. (1971). Relationship of study habits and school attitudes to achievement in mathematics and reading. The Journal of Educational Research, 65(2), 71-73. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.1971.10884256   [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  80. Steen, L. A., Turner, R., Burkhardt, H. (2007). Developing mathematical literacy. In: W. Blum, P. L. Galbraith, H. W. Henn, M. Niss (Eds.) Modelling and applications in mathematics education. New ICMI Study Series, Vol 10. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-29822-1_30   [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  81. Supontawanit., P. & Lertlit, S. (2021). Usage of reading comprehension to enhance word problem solving skills in mathematics. Journal of English Educators Society, 6(2), 260-266. https://doi.org/10.21070/jees.v6i2.1380      [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  82. Sullivan, A., & Brown, M. (2015). Reading for pleasure and progress in vocabulary and mathematics. British Educational Research Journal, 41(6), 971-991. Retrieved from https://bera-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/berj.3180  [Google Scholar]
  83. Tattersall-Wallin, E., & Nolin, J. (2020). Time to read: Exploring the timespaces of subscription-based audiobooks. New Media & Society, 22(3), 470–488. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819864691 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  84. Türkel, A., Özdemir, E. E., & Akbulut, S. (2017). Okuma kültürü ölçeği geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Validity and reliability study of reading culture scale]. Turkish Studies. International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic Volume 12/14, 465-490. Retrieved from https://turkishstudies.net/DergiTamDetay.aspx?ID=11620  [Google Scholar]
  85. Türkel, A., Özdemir, E. E., & Akbulut, S. (2019). Examining reading cultures of pre-service teachers: A case study from an education faculty in Turkey. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 7(2), 197-210. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.7n.2p.197  [Google Scholar]
  86. Valencia, A.D., Lynn, D., Fernandez, S., & Tinapay, A. O. (2023).  Reading proficiency as predictor of mathematical competence of junior high school learners. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Publications (IJMRAP), 5(11), 50- 56.  http://ijmrap.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/IJMRAP-V5N11P33Y23.pdf  [Google Scholar]
  87. Villa, E. A., & Sebastian, M. A. (2021). Achievement motivation, locus of control and study habits as predictors of mathematics achievement of new college students. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 16(3), em0661. https://doi.org/10.29333/iejme/11297      [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  88. Vithal, R., & Bishop, A. J. (2006). Mathematical literacy: A new literacy or a new mathematics? Pythagoras, 12(1), 2-5. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270475207_Mathematical_Literacy_A_new_literacy_or_a_new_mathematics  [Google Scholar]
  89. Walkington, C., Clinton, V., & Shivraj, P. (2018). How readability factors are differentially associated with performance for students of different backgrounds when solving mathematics word problems. American Educational Research Journal, 55(2), 362–414. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831217737028  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  90. Yang, H., & Yu, P. (2014). Investigation report on the situation of mathematics reading instruction. Journal of Mathematics Education, 7(1), 59-66. Retrieved from https://educationforatoz.com/images/2014-Article_5_-_Hongping_Yang_Ping_Yu.pdf  [Google Scholar]
  91. Yıldız, A. (2010). Birinci kademe okuma-yazma kurslarına katılan yetişkinlerin matematik becerileri üzerine bir araştırma [A research on mathematics skills of adults attending first stage literacy course]. Education & Science, 35(158), 28-43. Retrieved from http://egitimvebilim.ted.org.tr/index.php/EB/article/view/166/219  [Google Scholar]
  92. Yore, L. D., Pimm, D. & Tuan, H. L. (2007). The literacy component of mathematical and scientific literacy. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 5, 559–589. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-007-9089-4   [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  93. Yustitia, Y., Amin, S. M., & Abadi (2020). Mathematical literacy in pre-service elementary school teacher:  A  case study. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1613(1), 12054.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1613/1/012054  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  94. Zehir, K., & Zehir, H. (2016). İlköğretim matematik öğretmen adaylarının matematik okuryazarlığı öz-yeterlik inanç düzeylerinin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi [Investigation of elementary mathematics student teachers’ mathematics literacy self-efficacy beliefs according to some variables]. International Journal of Education, Science and Technology, 2(2), 104-117. Retrieved from  https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/227997    [Google Scholar]