International Association of Educators   |  ISSN: 2834-7919   |  e-ISSN: 1554-5210

Original article | International Journal of Progressive Education 2021, Vol. 17(5) 1-13

Correct Classification Level of Young Adults Who Abuse and Do Not Abuse Their Partner in The Romantic Relationship of Forgiveness

Erhan Tunç & Yasemin Kaygas

pp. 1 - 13   |  DOI: https://doi.org/10.29329/ijpe.2021.375.1   |  Manu. Number: MANU-2101-25-0002.R3

Published online: September 30, 2021  |   Number of Views: 180  |  Number of Download: 480


Abstract

In this study, the correct classification level of whether forgiving oneself, others and the situation is abusing their partners was determined by logistic regression analysis. There are 221 young adults ranging from 19-30 in this study, which was designed in the scanning model. Heartland Forgiveness Scale and Information Form were used in the study. In the initial model of the analysis, all participants were classified in the group that exploited their partner, with a classification percentage of 62.9%. The biggest contribution to the initial model comes from the variable of forgiving others, respectively, the variables of self-forgiveness and forgiveness. Cox & Snell RSquare value for the final model was calculated as .10. This finding shows that when the predictor variables are included in the model, 10% of the predicted variable is explained. Accordingly, the model has a good fit. Of the 82 individuals who did not abuse the result model, 34 were classified correctly and 48 were incorrect, with a percentage of correct classification of 41.5%. Of 139 individuals abused, 120 were correct and 19 were incorrectly classified, with an accurate classification percentage of 86.3%. One-unit increase in the self-forgiveness variable is 7.90% in the odds of abuse [(1-.921).100]; One-unit increase in forgiveness to others causes an 8.10% [(1-.919).100] increase in exploit odds. Findings show that the variables of self-forgiveness and forgiveness for others make significant contributions to classifying individuals who abuse and do not. The variables of forgiving yourself and others increase the predictive power of the model created.

Keywords: Self-Forgiveness, Forgivining Others, Forgivining The Situation, Romantic Relationship


How to Cite this Article?

APA 6th edition
Tunc, E. & Kaygas, Y. (2021). Correct Classification Level of Young Adults Who Abuse and Do Not Abuse Their Partner in The Romantic Relationship of Forgiveness . International Journal of Progressive Education, 17(5), 1-13. doi: 10.29329/ijpe.2021.375.1

Harvard
Tunc, E. and Kaygas, Y. (2021). Correct Classification Level of Young Adults Who Abuse and Do Not Abuse Their Partner in The Romantic Relationship of Forgiveness . International Journal of Progressive Education, 17(5), pp. 1-13.

Chicago 16th edition
Tunc, Erhan and Yasemin Kaygas (2021). "Correct Classification Level of Young Adults Who Abuse and Do Not Abuse Their Partner in The Romantic Relationship of Forgiveness ". International Journal of Progressive Education 17 (5):1-13. doi:10.29329/ijpe.2021.375.1.

References
  1. Allemand, M., Hill, P. L., Ghaemmaghami, P., & Martin, M. (2012). Forgivingness and subjective well- being in adulthood: The moderating role of future time perspective. Journal of Research in Personality, 46(1), 32–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2011.11.004 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  2. Barcaccia B., Schneider B.H., Pallini S. & Baiocco R. (2017). Bullying and the detrimental role of un-forgiveness in adolescents’ wellbeing. Psicothema, 29, 217–222. doi:10.7334/psicothema2016.251  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  3. Basset, R.L., Bassett, K.M., Lloyd, M.W. & Johnson, J. L. (2006). Seeking forgiveness: Considering the role of moral emotions. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 34(2), 111-124. [Google Scholar]
  4. Berry, J. W., Worthington, E. L., Jr., O’Connor, L., Parrott, L. III, & Wade, N. G. (2005). Forgiveness, vengeful rumination, and affective traits. Journal of Personality, 73(1), 183-226. [Google Scholar]
  5. Bugay, A. & Demir, A.  (2010). A Turkish version of heartland forgiveness scale. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 1927-1931. [Google Scholar]
  6. Bugay, A. & Demir, A. (2012). Can forgiveness be increased? Group to develop forgiveness. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 4 (37), 96- 106. [Google Scholar]
  7. Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş. & Demirel, F. (2013). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (14. Baskı), PEGEM Yayıncılık.  [Google Scholar]
  8. Cofone, K. (2011). Understanding college students perceptions of unhealthy dating relationships. Social work thesis. Providence College. [Google Scholar]
  9. Coyle, C. T. & Enright, R.D. (1997). Forgiveness intervention with postabortion men.  Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 1042-1046. [Google Scholar]
  10. Creasey, G. & Ladd, A. (2004). Negative mood regulation expectancies and conflict behaviors in late adolescent college student romantic relationships: The moderating role of generalized attachment representations. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 14(2), 235-255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2004.01402005.x [Google Scholar]
  11. Çokluk Ö., Şekercioğlu G. & Büyüköztürk (2012). Multivariate statistics for social sciences: SPSS and LISREL Applications, PEGEM Publishing. [Google Scholar]
  12. Davidson J. R. T., Stein D. J., Shalev A. Y. & Yehuda R. (2004). Posttraumatic stress disorder: acquisition, recognition, course, and treatment. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences; 16, :135–147. [Google Scholar]
  13. Davidson, M. M., Lozano, N. M., Cole, B. P. & Gervais, S. J. (2014). Relations between intimate partner violence and forgiveness among college women. Journal of interpersonal violence, 1-27 [Google Scholar]
  14. DiBlasio, F. A. & Benda, B. B. (2002).  The effect of forgiveness treatment on selfesteem of spouses: Initial experimental results. Marriage and Family:  A Christian Journal, 5, 511- 523.  [Google Scholar]
  15. Eaton, D.K., Davis, K.S., Barrios L., Brener N.D., & Noonan, R.K., (2007). Associations of dating violence victimization with participation, co-occurrence, and early initiation of risk behaviors among U.S. high school students. J Interpers Violence. 22(5): 585-602. [Google Scholar]
  16. Eaton, J., Struthers, C. W. & Santelli, A. G. (2006). Dispositional and state forgiveness: The role of self-esteem, need for structure, and narcissism. Personality and Individual Differences, 41(2), 371-380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.02.005 [Google Scholar]
  17. Enright, R. D. & The Human Development Study Group. (1996). Counseling within the forgiveness triad: On forgiving, receiving forgiveness, and self-forgiveness. Counseling and Values, 40, 107–126. [Google Scholar]
  18. Etchevery, P. E., Le, B. & Charania, M. R. (2008). Perceived versus reported social referent approval and romantic relationship commitment and persistence. Personal Relationships, 15, 281–295. [Google Scholar]
  19. Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V. & Marks, J. S. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The adverse childhood experiences study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14, 245-258. [Google Scholar]
  20. Field, A. (2005). Reliability analysis. In: Field, A., Ed., Discovering Statistics Using SPSS. 2nd Edition, Sage, London, Chapter 15. [Google Scholar]
  21. Fincham, F. D. (2000). The kiss of the porcupines: From attributing responsibility to forgiving. Personal Relationships, 7, 1-23. [Google Scholar]
  22. Fincham, F. D. & Beach, S. R. H. (2002). Forgiveness in marriage: Implications for psychological aggression and constructive communication. Personal Relationship, 9, 239-251. [Google Scholar]
  23. Fincham, F. D., Jackson, H. & Beach, S. R. H. (2005). Transgression severity and forgiveness: Different moderators for objective and subjective severity. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24, 860-875. [Google Scholar]
  24. Freedman, S. R. & Knupp, A. (2003). The impact of forgiveness on adolescent adjustment to parental divorce. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 39, 135- 165.  [Google Scholar]
  25. Gordon, C., & Porter, K.L. (2004), “Predicting the intentions of women in domestic violence shelters to return to partners: does forgiveness play a role?”. Journal of Familiy Psychology, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 331-338. [Google Scholar]
  26. Hall, J. H. & Fincham, F. D. (2005). Self–forgiveness: The stepchild of forgiveness research. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24(5), 621-637. [Google Scholar]
  27. Hargrave, T. D. & Sells, J. N. (1997). The development of a forgiveness scale. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 23(1), 41-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.1997.tb00230.x [Google Scholar]
  28. Hodgson, L. K. & Wertheim, E. H. (2007). Does good emotion management aid forgiving? Multiple dimensions of empathy, emotion management and forgiveness of self and others. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 24(6), 931-949. doi: 10.1177/0265407507084191 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  29. Johnson, A., Salvador, G., Kenney, J., Robbins, J., Kraus, S., Landry, S. & Clapham, P., (2005). Fishing gear involved in entanglements of right and humpback whales. Marine Mammal Science, 21(4):635–645 [Google Scholar]
  30. Kantarcı, D. (2009). Evli bireylerin bağlanma stillerine göre aldatma eğilimleri ve çatışma yönetim biçimlerinin incelenmesi, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul Universitesi, Istanbul. [Google Scholar]
  31. Kaplan, S. J., Pelcovitz, D. & Labruna, V. (1999). Child and adolescent abuse and neglect research: A review of the past 10 years. Part I: Physical and emotional abuse and neglect. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(10), 1214-1222. [Google Scholar]
  32. Karasar, N. (2000). Scientific Research Method. (10th Edition). Nobel Publishing.  [Google Scholar]
  33. Karremans, J.C., Van Lange, P.A.M., Ouwerkerk, J.W., & Kluwer, E. S. (2003). When forgiving enhances psychological well-being: The role of interpersonal commitment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(5), 1011–1026. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.5.1011 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  34. Kaura, S. A., & Lohman, B. J. (2009). Does acceptability of violence impact the relationship between satisfaction, victimization, and commitment levels in emerging adult dating relationships?. Journal of Family Violence, 24(6), 349-359. doi:10.1007/s10896-009-9234-7 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  35. Makepeace, J. (1987). Social factors and victim offender differences DN courtship violence. Family Relations, 36, 87-91.  [Google Scholar]
  36. Malik, S., Sorenson, S. B. & Aneshensel, C. S. (1997). Community and dating violence among adolescents: Perpetration and victimization. Journal of Adolescent Health, 21(5), 291-302. [Google Scholar]
  37. McCullough, M. E., Worthington, E. L., Jr., & Rachal, K. C. (1997). Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(2), 321–336. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.73.2.321 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  38. McCullough, M.E., Bono, G., & Root, L.M. (2005). Religion and Forgiveness. In R. F. Paloutzian & C. L. Park (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality (pp. 394–411). The Guilford Press. [Google Scholar]
  39. McCullough, M. E., Bono, G. & Root, L. M. (2007). Rumination, emotion, and forgiveness: Three longitudinal studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 490-505. [Google Scholar]
  40. Mertler, C. A., & Vannatta, R. A. (2005). Advanced and multivariate statistical methods: Practical application and interpretation (3rd ed.). Glendale, CA: Pyrczak Publishing [Google Scholar]
  41. Meydan, C. H. ve Şeşen H. (2015). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi AMOS uygulamaları. (İkinci Baskı) Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık [Google Scholar]
  42. Murray, R. J. (2002). Forgiveness as a therapeutic option. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families 10(3), 315-321. [Google Scholar]
  43. Nurcombe B. (2000). Child sexual abuse I: Psychopathology. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 34, 85-91. [Google Scholar]
  44. Offenhauer, P. & Buchalter, A. (2011). Teen dating violence: A Literature review and annotated bibliography. Library of Congress, Federal Research Division, 92 pgs. [Google Scholar]
  45. O'Keefe, (1998). Factors Mediating the Link Between Witnessing Interparental Violence and Dating Violence. Journal of Family Violence volume 13, pages39–57. [Google Scholar]
  46. Özgün, S. (2010). The predictors of the traumatic effect of extramarital infidelity on married women: coping strategies, resources, and forgiveness. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara. [Google Scholar]
  47. Reed, G. L. & Enright, R. D.  (2006).  The effects of forgiveness therapy on depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress for women after spousal emotional abuse. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(5), 920-929. [Google Scholar]
  48. Runyan, D., Corrine. W., Ikedai R., Hassan, F., & Ramiro, L., (2002). Child abuse and neglect by parents and other caregivers. Krug E.G, Dahlberg L.L, Mercy J.A.(Eds), World report on violence and health, WHO, Geneva [Google Scholar]
  49. Rye, M. S., Pargament, K. I., Pan, W., Yingling, D. W., Shogren, K. A., & Ito, M. (2005). Can group interventions facilitate forgiveness of an ex-spouse?: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 880-892. [Google Scholar]
  50. Singleton Jr., R. A., & Straits, B. C. (2005). Approaches to social research (4th edition). New York, NY: Oxford University Press [Google Scholar]
  51. Şamatacı, G. (2013). Romantik ilişkilerde affetme: Transaksiyonel analiz ego. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul. [Google Scholar]
  52. Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson. [Google Scholar]
  53. Thompson, L. Y., Snyder, C. R., Hoffman, L., Michael, S. T., Rasmussen, H. N. & Billings, L. S. (2005). Dispositional forgiveness of self, others, and situations. Journal of Personality, 73, 313-359. [Google Scholar]
  54. Toussaint, L. & Jorgersen, K. M. (2008). Inter-parental conflict, parent-child relationship quality, and adjustment in Christian adolescents: Forgiveness as a mediating variable. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 27, 337–346. [Google Scholar]
  55. Tsang, J.-A., & Stanford, M. S. (2007). Forgiveness for intimate partner violence: The influence of victim and offender variables. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(4), 653–664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.08.017 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.35.2.166 [Google Scholar]
  57. Van der Kolk, B. A. (2018). Beden kayıt tutar: Trravmanın iyileşmesinde beyin, zihin ve beden. (N. C. Meral, Çev.). Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık. [Google Scholar]
  58. Worthington, E. L. (1988). Understanding the values of religious clients: A model and its application to counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 35(2), 166-174.  [Google Scholar]