International Association of Educators   |  ISSN: 2834-7919   |  e-ISSN: 1554-5210

Original article | International Journal of Progressive Education 2018, Vol. 14(1) 88-104

Educational Website Design Process: Changes in TPACK Competencies and Experiences

Nezih Önal & Ecenaz Alemdağ

pp. 88 - 104   |  DOI: https://doi.org/10.29329/ijpe.2018.129.7

Published online: February 11, 2018  |   Number of Views: 306  |  Number of Download: 1090


Abstract

The number of technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) studies has been increasing day by day; however, limited studies has provided both quantitative and qualitative findings based on teachers’ learning by design experiences. This study aimed to reveal the changes in pre-service teachers' TPACK competencies in the educational website design process and their experiences in the design process within the scope of a course based on TPACK framework and the learning by design approach. Designed as an embedded mixed design research, the study was conducted with 28 pre-service teachers. The data were collected through the TPACK-deep scale, a survey and e-mails sent to the instructors. The research concluded that the learning by design approach bring pre-service teachers' TPACK competencies in highly effective significant contributions. Moreover, it was revealed that the design process expands pre-service teachers' schemas regarding the properties which digital instructional materials should possess. The research also enlightened the motivating factors such as receiving support and the challenging factors such not being able to use software for the pre-service teachers in the design process.  Finally, the findings were interpreted within the framework of TPACK and the learning by design approach and recommendations were made for future practices and studies.

Keywords: TPACK; Pre-Service Teachers; Website Design


How to Cite this Article?

APA 6th edition
Onal, N. & Alemdag, E. (2018). Educational Website Design Process: Changes in TPACK Competencies and Experiences. International Journal of Progressive Education, 14(1), 88-104. doi: 10.29329/ijpe.2018.129.7

Harvard
Onal, N. and Alemdag, E. (2018). Educational Website Design Process: Changes in TPACK Competencies and Experiences. International Journal of Progressive Education, 14(1), pp. 88-104.

Chicago 16th edition
Onal, Nezih and Ecenaz Alemdag (2018). "Educational Website Design Process: Changes in TPACK Competencies and Experiences". International Journal of Progressive Education 14 (1):88-104. doi:10.29329/ijpe.2018.129.7.

References
  1. Ansyari, M. F. (2015). Designing and evaluating a professional development programme for basic technology integration in English as a foreign language (EFL) classrooms. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 31(6), 699-712. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14742/ajet.1675  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  2. Baran, E., & Canbazoğlu Bilici S. (2015). Teknolojik pedagojik alan bilgisi (tpab) üzerine alanyazın incelemesi: Türkiye örneği. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi ergisi [Hacettepe University Journal of Education], 30(1), 15-32. Retrieved from http://www.efdergi.hacettepe.edu.tr/yonetim/icerik/makaleler/18-published.pdf [Google Scholar]
  3. Baran, E., Chuang, H. H., & Thompson, A. (2011). TPACK: An emerging research and development tool for teacher educators. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 10(4), 370-377. Retrieved from http://www.tojet.net/articles/v10i4/10437.pdf [Google Scholar]
  4. Baran, E., & Uygun, E. (2016). Putting technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (TPACK) in action: An integrated TPACK-design-based learning (DBL) approach. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 32(2), 47-63. doi: 10.14742/ajet.2551 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  5. Baytak, A., & Hirca, N. (2013). Prospective teachers’ lived experience on computer-based instructional materials: A phenomenological study. Anthropologist, 16(1-2), 97-109. Retrieved from http://www.krepublishers.com/02-Journals/T-Anth/Anth-16-0-000-13-Web/Anth-16-1-2-000-2013-Abst-PDF/T-ANTH-SV-10-097-13-010/T-ANTH-SV-10-097-13-010-Tx[10].pmd.pdf [Google Scholar]
  6. Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç, Çakmak, E., Akgün Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2008). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi. [Google Scholar]
  7. Chai, C. S., Koh, J. H. L., & Tsai, C. C. (2010). Facilitating preservice teachers' development of technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (tpack). Educational Technology & Society, 13(4), 63-73. Retrieved from http://www.ifets.info/journals/13_4/7.pdf [Google Scholar]
  8. Chai, C.-S., Koh, J. H.-L., & Tsai, C.-C. (2013). A review of technological pedagogical content knowledge. Educational Technology & Society, 16(2), 31–51. Retrieved from http://www.ifets.info/journals/16_2/4.pdf [Google Scholar]
  9. Council of Higher Education. (2007). Eğitim Fakültesi Öğretmen Yetiştirme Lisans Programları. Retrieved from http://www.yok.gov.tr/documents/10279/30217/E%C4%9E%C4%B0T%C4%B0M+FAK%C3%9CLTES% C4%B0%20%C3%96%C4%9ERETMEN+YET%C4%B0%C5%9ET%C4%B0RME+L%C4%B0SANS+PROGRAMLARI.pdf [Google Scholar]
  10. Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2011). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (2nd ed.).  Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. [Google Scholar]
  11. Eryaman, M. Y. (2006). A hermeneutic approach towards integrating technology into schools: Policy and Practice. In S. Tettegah & R. Hunter (Eds.). Technology: Issues in administration, policy, and applications in K-12 schools. Elsevier Science Publications. [Google Scholar]
  12. Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using spss (3. Ed.). London: SAGE Publications Ltd. [Google Scholar]
  13. Harris, J. B., & Hofer, M. J. (2011). Technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) in action: A descriptive study of secondary teachers’ curriculum-based, technology-related instructional planning. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 43(3), 211-229. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ918905.pdf [Google Scholar]
  14. Hofer, M., & Grandgenett, N. (2012). TPACK development in teacher education: A longitudinal study of preservice teachers in a secondary MA Ed. program. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 45(1), 83-106. doi: 10.1080/15391523.2012.10782598 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  15. Heinich,  R.,  Molenda,  M.,  Russell,  J.  D., & Smaldino, S.E. (2002).  Instructional media and technologies for learning (7th Ed.). Merrill Prentice Hall, USA. [Google Scholar]
  16. Kabakçı Yurdakul, I., Odabaşı, H.F., Kılıçer, K, Çoklar, A.N., Birinci, G., & Kurt, A.A. (2012). The development, validity and reliability of TPACK-deep: A technological pedagogical content knowledge scale. Computers & Education, 58(3), 964-977. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2011.10.012 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  17. Kafyulilo, A., Fisser, P., Pieters, J. & Voogt, J. (2015). Ict use in science and mathematics teacher education in Tanzania: Developing technological pedagogical content knowledge. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 31(4), 381-399. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14742/ajet.1240   [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  18. Kaleli Yılmaz, G. (2015). Analysis of technological pedagogical content knowledge studies in turkey: A meta-synthesis study. Education and Science, 40, 103-122. doi: 10.15390/EB.2015.4087 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  19. Koehler, M. J., & Mishra, P. (2005a). What happens when teachers design educational technology? The development of technological pedagogical content knowledge. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 32(2), 131-152. doi: 10.2190/0EW7-01WB-BKHL-QDYV [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  20. Koehler, M. J., & Mishra, P. (2005b). Teachers learning technology by design. Journal of Computing in Teacher Education, 21(3), 94-102. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ882473.pdf [Google Scholar]
  21. Koehler, M. J., Mishra, P., Bouck, E. C., DeSchryver, M., Kereluik, K., Shin, T. S., & Wolf, L. G. (2011). Deep-play: Developing TPACK for 21st century teachers. International Journal of Learning Technology, 6(2), 146-163. doi: 10.1504/IJLT.2011.042646 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  22. Koh, J. H. L., & Chai, C. S. (2014). Teacher clusters and their perceptions of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) development through ICT lesson design. Computers & Education, 70, 222-232. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2013.08.017 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  23. Koh, J. H. L., & Divaharan, S. (2013). Towards a technological pedagogical content knowledge-fostering information and communication technology instructional process for teachers: Lessons from the implementation of interactive whiteboard instruction. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 29(2), 233-247. doi: 10.14742/ajet.97 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  24. Kramarski, B., & Zoltan, S. (2008). Using errors as springboards for enhancing mathematical reasoning with three metacognitive approaches. Journal of Educational Research, 102(2), 137-151. doi: 10.3200/JOER.102.2.137-151 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  25. Ministry of National Education.  (2013).  Ortaokul  matematik  dersi  (5,6,7  ve  8.  sınıflar) öğretim programı. Ankara: Devlet Kitapları Müdürlüğü. [Google Scholar]
  26. Miles, M. B. & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis. London: Sage Publication. [Google Scholar]
  27. Mishra, P. & Koehler, M. J. (2006). Technological pedagogical content knowledge: a framework for teacher knowledge. Teachers College Record, 108(6), 1017–1054. Retrieved from http://www.tcrecord.org/content.asp?contentid=12516 [Google Scholar]
  28. Mouza, C. (2016). Developing and assessing TPACK among pre-service teachers: A synthesis of research. In M.C. Herring, M.J. Koehler, & P. Mishra (Eds.), Handbook of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) for educators (pp. 167-190). New York, NY: Routledge. [Google Scholar]
  29. Pamuk, S. (2012). Understanding preservice teachers' technology use through TPACK framework. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 28(5), 425-439. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2729.2011.00447.x [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  30. Rosson, M. B., & Carroll, J. M. (2010). Integrating people and technology by design: Design-first instruction for introductory students in information technology. In M. Castro, E. Tovar, & M.E. Auer (Eds.), Proceedings of Education Engineering (EDUCON) 2010 IEEE (pp. 1469-1475). Madrid: IEEE. [Google Scholar]
  31. Sancar Tokmak, H. (2015). Pre-service teachers’ perceptions on TPACK development after designing educational games. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 43(5), 392-410. doi: 10.1080/1359866X.2014.939611 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  32. Sancar Tokmak, H., Yanpar Yelken, T., & Yavuz Konokman, G. (2013). Pre-service teachers' perceptions on development of their imd competencies through TPACK-based activities. Educational Technology & Society, 16(2), 243-256. Retrieved from http://www.ifets.info/journals/16_2/20.pdf [Google Scholar]
  33. Schmidt, D. A., Baran, E., Thompson, A. D., Mishra, P., Koehler, M. J., & Shin, T. S. (2009). Technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) the development and validation of an assessment instrument for preservice teachers. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 42(2), 123-149. doi: 10.1080/15391523.2009.10782544 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  34. Shulman, L. (1987). Knowledge and teaching: Foundations of the new reform. Harvard Educational Review, 57(1), 1-23. Retrieved from http://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ351846 [Google Scholar]
  35. Voogt, J., Fisser, P., Pareja Roblin, N., Tondeur, J., & van Braak, J. (2013). Technological pedagogical content knowledge–a review of the literature. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 29(2), 109-121. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2729.2012.00487.x [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  36. Wu, Y. T. (2013). Research trends in technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) research: A review of empirical studies published in selected journals from 2002 to 2011. British Journal of Educational Technology, 44(3), E73-E76. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8535.2012.01349.x [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  37. Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2013). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (9. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık. [Google Scholar]