Research article    |    Open Access
International Journal of Progressive Education 2026, Vol. 22(2) 23-42

Mapping the Landscape of Executive Function Assessment in Early Childhood

Fatih Kaynar, Berrin Akman

pp. 23 - 42   |  DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19533633

Publish Date: April 12, 2026  |   Single/Total View: 0/0   |   Single/Total Download: 0/0


Abstract

Understanding and evaluating executive functions (EF) in early childhood remains a pivotal concern for both academic research and practical implementation. Despite the increasing attention devoted to this domain, existing assessment methods vary significantly in scope, intent, and usability. This research examines EF tools applied to children aged 2 to 6, focusing on studies published between 2000 and 2025. Performance-based tasks, while structured and psychometrically sound, often fall short in capturing behavior in real-life settings. In contrast, rating scales and observational tools offer contextually rich data but frequently lack rigorous validation. Neuropsychological batteries provide reliable and valid results, yet their reliance on expert administration and time-intensive procedures limits their application in everyday contexts. Emerging digital assessments enhance flexibility and efficiency; however, they pose concerns regarding digital equity, cultural appropriateness, and ecological validity. The research concludes that no single instrument adequately captures the multifaceted nature of EF in young children. A blended assessment model—attuned to developmental dynamics and sociocultural variability—may offer a more holistic and pragmatic framework for researchers, educators, and policy actors alike.

Keywords: executive functions, early childhood, assessment, working memory, cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, educational applications, developmental considerations, cultural adaptation.


How to Cite this Article?

APA 7th edition
Kaynar, F., & Akman, B. (2026).

Mapping the Landscape of Executive Function Assessment in Early Childhood

. International Journal of Progressive Education, 22(2), 23-42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19533633

Harvard
Kaynar, F. and Akman, B. (2026).

Mapping the Landscape of Executive Function Assessment in Early Childhood

. International Journal of Progressive Education, 22(2), pp. 23-42.

Chicago 16th edition
Kaynar, Fatih and Berrin Akman (2026). "

Mapping the Landscape of Executive Function Assessment in Early Childhood

". International Journal of Progressive Education 22 (2):23-42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19533633

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