International Association of Educators   |  ISSN: 2834-7919   |  e-ISSN: 1554-5210

Original article | International Journal of Progressive Education 2020, Vol. 16(5) 70-89

Socioeconomically Disadvantaged and Resilient Students’ Characteristics and Their Perceptions about School

Celalettin Özden & Ramazan Atasoy

pp. 70 - 89   |  DOI: https://doi.org/10.29329/ijpe.2020.277.5   |  Manu. Number: MANU-2004-12-0003.R1

Published online: October 09, 2020  |   Number of Views: 251  |  Number of Download: 657


Abstract

This study aims to evaluate socioeconomically disadvantaged and resilient students’ opinions about school and their expectations from school. The research is designed in qualitative research methods, phenomenology patterns, and interview techniques. Twenty students consist of the working group of the research. The data has been analyzed with content analysis. The research concludes that the resilience source of resilient students exhibits an interactive and intertwine structure in educational, psychological, social, and personal dimensions. Significance of focusing on their characteristics with psychological frame backgrounds such as intrinsic motivation, commitment, self-confidence, and self-management to understand the resilience of these students have been detected. It is understood from the student views these two frameworks contribute to shaping life expectations, education processes, and being favorable to school and distinguish oneself despite socioeconomic disadvantages surrounding them. Psychological dimensions and personal characteristics are the main determinants of the perspective towards the educational framework. Active participation in lessons, achievement, discipline, school and teacher perceptions, fun learning approaches, and social environment relations reveal the power of their inner dynamics. Similarly, different learning strategies, the consciousness of taking responsibility, expressing oneself clearly, and self-efficacy beliefs that they could better reveal a personality structure that is open to change and development. Moreover, students have expectations from the school, such as improving the school’s physical and educational capacity, tight disciplinary practices, teachers’ self-renewal and sincere behavior, and the desire to participate in school decisions. This study will present a new point of view to curriculum development experts and school administrators in the formation of teaching programs that take into account student views.

Keywords: Academic Resilience, Academic Success, Disadvantaged Students, Education


How to Cite this Article?

APA 6th edition
Ozden, C. & Atasoy, R. (2020). Socioeconomically Disadvantaged and Resilient Students’ Characteristics and Their Perceptions about School . International Journal of Progressive Education, 16(5), 70-89. doi: 10.29329/ijpe.2020.277.5

Harvard
Ozden, C. and Atasoy, R. (2020). Socioeconomically Disadvantaged and Resilient Students’ Characteristics and Their Perceptions about School . International Journal of Progressive Education, 16(5), pp. 70-89.

Chicago 16th edition
Ozden, Celalettin and Ramazan Atasoy (2020). "Socioeconomically Disadvantaged and Resilient Students’ Characteristics and Their Perceptions about School ". International Journal of Progressive Education 16 (5):70-89. doi:10.29329/ijpe.2020.277.5.

References
  1. Agasisti, T., Avvisati , F., Borgonovi, F., & Longobardi, S. (2018). Academic resilience: What schools and countries do to help disadvantaged students succeed in PISA, OECD Education Working Papers, No. 167, OECD Publishing, Paris.http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/e22490ac-en [Google Scholar]
  2. Agasisti, T., Longobardi, S. (2017). Equality of Educational Opportunities, Schools’ Characteristics and Resilient Students: An Empirical Study of EU-15 Countries Using OECD-PISA 2009 Data. Social Indicators Research, 134, 917–953. https://doi-org.ezproxy.neu.edu.tr/10.1007/s11205-016-1464-5 [Google Scholar]
  3. Aldridge, J. M., Fraser, B. J., Fozdar, F., Ala’i, K., Earnest, J., & Afari, E. (2016). Students’ perceptions of school climate as determinants of wellbeing, resilience and identity. Improving Schools, 19(1), 5-26. [Google Scholar]
  4. Allan, R., & Ungar, M. (2014). Resilience-building interventions with children, adolescents, and their families. S. P, in Saklofske, Resilience interventions for youth in diverse populations (p. 447-462). NY. Springer. [Google Scholar]
  5. Alva, S. A. (1991). Academic invulnerability among Mexican American students: the importance of protective resources and appraisals. Hisp. J. Behav. Sci., 13, 18-34. doi:10.1177/07399863910131002 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  6. Atasoy, R., & Cemaloğlu, N. (2018). Evaluation of Quality Policies on Education in Turkish Education System. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 6(7), 1504-1518. doi: 10.13189 /ujer.2018.060711 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  7. Atkins, P. B., & Shrubb, R. G. (2019). Student Leadership Perceptions Regarding Resilience and Self-Efficacy. The Journal of Student Leadership, 2(2), 13-25. [Google Scholar]
  8. Benard, B. (2004). Resiliency: What we have learned. San Francisco, CA: WestEd. [Google Scholar]
  9. Bierman, K. L., Domitrovich, C. N., Nix, R. L., Gest, S. D., Welsh, J. A., Greenberg, M. T., & al, e. (2008). Promoting academic and social-emotional school readiness: The Head Start REDI Program. Child Development, 79(6), 1802-1817. [Google Scholar]
  10. Borman, G., & Overman, L. (2004). Academic resilience in mathematics among poor and minority students. Elementary School Journal, 104, 177-195. [Google Scholar]
  11. Borman, G.D., & Rachuba, L, T. (2001). Academic Success among Poor and Minority Students: An Analysis of Competing Models of School Effects. Center for Research on the Education of Students Placed At Risk. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED451281.pdf  [Google Scholar]
  12.  Bryan, J. (2005). Fostering educational resilience and achievement in urban schools through school–family–community partnerships. Professional School Counseling, 8, 219–227.  [Google Scholar]
  13. Büyüköztürk, Ş., Akgün, E. Ç., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pegem A. [Google Scholar]
  14. Calhoun, Y., Snodgrass Rangel, V. & Coulson, H. L. (2019) Educational Resilience at Risk? The Challenges of Attending an Early College High School. Urban Rev, 51, 301–325. [Google Scholar]
  15. Cassidy, S. (2015). Resilience building in students: The role of academic self-efficacy. Frontiers in Psychology, 6. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01781 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  16. Catterall, J. (1998). Risk and resilience in student transitions to high school. American Journal of Education, 106(2), 302-333. [Google Scholar]
  17. Clark, D., & Linn, M. (2003). Designing for knowledge integration: The impact of instructional time. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 12(4), 451-493. [Google Scholar]
  18. Connell, J., Spencer, M., & Aber, J. (1994). Educational risk and resilience in African-American youth: context, self, action and outcomes in school. Child Development, 65(2), 493-506. [Google Scholar]
  19. Cunningham, P. M. (2006). High-poverty schools that beat the odds. The Reading Teacher, 60(4), 382-385. [Google Scholar]
  20. Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. USA: SAGE. [Google Scholar]
  21. Deci, E., Vallerand, R., Pelletier, L., & Ryan, R. (1991). Motivation and education: The self-determination perspective. Educational Psychologist, 26(3), 325-346. [Google Scholar]
  22. Downey, J. A. (2008). Recommendations for fostering educational resilience in the classroom. Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth, 53(1), 56–64. [Google Scholar]
  23. Duckworth, A. (2013). The key to success? Grit. Ted Talks Education: Interactive transcript. http://www.ted.com/talks/angela_lee_duckworth_the_key_to_success_grit?language. [Google Scholar]
  24. Erberber, E., Stephens, M., Mamedova, S., Ferguson, S., & Kroeger, T. (2015). Socioeconomically disadvantaged students who are academically successful: Examining academic resilience crossnationally. Amsterdam: IEA’s Policy Brief Series, No. 5, IEA.  [Google Scholar]
  25. ERG. (2009b). Eğitimde eşitlik: Politika analizi ve öneriler . İstanbul: Eğitim Reformu Girişimi. [Google Scholar]
  26. ERG. (2017). Eğitim izleme raporu 2016-2017 . İstanbul: Eğitim Reformu Girişimi Eğitim Gözlemevi. [Google Scholar]
  27. Finn, J., & Rock, D. (1997). Academic success among students at risk for school failure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(2), 221-234. [Google Scholar]
  28. Galante, J., Dufour, G., Vainre, M., Wagner, A. P., Stochl, J., Benton, A., & Jones. P. (2018). A mindfulness-based intervention to increase resilience to stress in university students (the Mindful Student Study): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Public Health, 3(2), e72-e81. [Google Scholar]
  29. Gizir, C. A., & Aydin, G. (2009). Protective Factors Contributing to the Academic Resilience of Students Living in Poverty in Turkey. Professional School Counseling. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X0901300103 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  30. Gorski, P. C. (2008). Peddling poverty for profit: Elements of oppression in Ruby Payne’s framework. Equity & Excellence in Education, 41(1), 130–148.  [Google Scholar]
  31. Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1982). Epistemological and methodological bases of naturalistic inquiry. ECTJ, 30(4), 233-252. [Google Scholar]
  32. Hanushek, E. A., & Woessmann, L. (2010). The economics of international differences in educational achievement. Bonn: National Bureau of National research. Technical Report No: 15949. doi:10.3386/w15949 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  33. Hart, A., & Heaver, B. (2012). School-based resilience interventions with disadvantaged young people: Towards a systematic consultative review. Today’s Children Tomorrow’s Parents. An Interdisciplinary Journal, 33(34), 53-64. [Google Scholar]
  34. Hesse-Biber. (2017). The practice of qualitative research. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage. [Google Scholar]
  35. Houser, J. (2015). Nursing research: reading, using, and creating evidence. (3rd ed.). Burlington: Jones ve Bartlett Learning. [Google Scholar]
  36. Kim, S. R., & Lee, S. M. (2018). Resilient college students in school-to-work transition, International Journal of Stress Management, 25(2), 195-207.  https://doi.org/10.1037/str0000060 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  37. Lee, V. E., & Burkam, D. T. (2002). Inequality At The Starting Gate: Social Background Differences In Achievement As Children Begin School. Washington: Economic Policy Institute. [Google Scholar]
  38. Lee, V., Winfield, L., & Wilson, T. (1991). Academic behaviors among high-achieving African-American students. Education and Urban Society, 24(1), 65-86. [Google Scholar]
  39. Liamputtong P. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry. In: Liamputtong P. (eds). Handbook of Research Methods in Health Social Sciences. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2779-6_53-2. [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  40. Ljzendoorn, V. M., Vereijken, C. M., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Riksen-Walraven, M. J. (2004). Assessing Attachment Security With The Attachment Q Sort:Meta-Analytic Evidence For The Validity Of The Observer AQS. Child Development, 75(4), 1188-1213. [Google Scholar]
  41. Luthar, S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Development, 71(3), 543-562. [Google Scholar]
  42. Marshall, C. & Rossman, G. B. (2014). Designing Qualitative Research. New York: Sage. [Google Scholar]
  43. Martin, A. J., & Marsh, H. W. (2006). Academic resilience and its psychological and educational correlates: A construct validity approach. Psychology in the Schools, 43(3), 267–281. doi:10.1002/pits.20149 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  44. Malterud, K., Siersma, V.D., & Guassora A.D. (2016). Sample size in qualitative interview studies: guided by information power. Qual Health Res. 26(13):1753–60. [Google Scholar]
  45. Mason, M. (2010). Sample size and saturation in PhD studies using qualitative interviews. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 11(3), Article 8. [Google Scholar]
  46. Masten, A. (2007). Resilience in developing systems: Progress and promise as the fourth wave rises. Development and Psychopathology, 19, 921-930. [Google Scholar]
  47. Masten, A., Best, K. M., & Garmezy, N. (1990). Resilience and development: Contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity. Development and Psychopathology, 2(04), 425-444. doi:10.1017/s0954579400005812 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  48. McIntosh, E., & Shaw, J. (2017). Student resilience: Exploring the positive case for resilience. Retrieved from www.UNITE-Group.co.uk/studentresilience [Google Scholar]
  49. McMillan, J. H., & Reed, D. F. (2010) At-Risk Students and Resiliency: Factors Contributing to Academic Success, The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 67(3), 137-140.  [Google Scholar]
  50. MEB. (2016a). PISA 2015 ulusal ön raporu. Ankara: Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı. [Google Scholar]
  51. MEB. (2016b). TIMSS 2015 ulusal matematik ve fen bilimleri ön raporu. Ankara: Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı. [Google Scholar]
  52. Morrison, G. M., & Allen, M. R. (2009). Promoting student resilience in school contexts. Theory into Practice, 46, 162-169. [Google Scholar]
  53. OECD. (2011). Against the Odds: Disadvantaged Students Who Succeed in School, PISA. Paris: OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264090873-en.  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  54. OECD. (2013). PISA 2012 results: Excellence through equity: Giving every students the chance to succeed (Volume II). Paris: OECD Publishing. doi:10.1787/9789264201132-en [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  55. OECD (2019). TALIS 2018 Results (Volume I): Teachers and school leaders as lifelong learners, TALIS. Paris: OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/1d0bc92a-en [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  56. Özberk, E.B.Ü, Fındık, L.Y. & Özberk, E.H. (2018). Dezavantajlı Yüksek Başarılı Öğrencilerin Okul ve Öğrenci Düzeyinde Matematik Başarılarını Etkileyen Değişkenlerin İncelenmesi, Eğitim ve Bilim, 43(194), 111-119. DOI: 10.15390/EB.2018.7153 [Google Scholar]
  57. Patton M.Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods, California: SAGE Publications [Google Scholar]
  58. Pench, M. (2017). Keys to resilience at ANU: An exploration into student resilience approaches and needs. Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Student Services Association, 25(1), 1340-1356. [Google Scholar]
  59. Pulley, M. L. & Wakefield, M. (2001). Building resiliency: How to thrive in times of change. Greensboro, NC: Center for Creative Leadership. [Google Scholar]
  60. Rutter, M. (1990). Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. In J. Rolf, A. S. Masten, D. Cicchetti, K. H. Nuechterlein, & S. Weintraub (Eds.), Risk and protective factors in the development of psychopathology (pp. 181–214). New York: Cambridge University Press. [Google Scholar]
  61. Rouse, K. (2001). Resilient students’ goals and motivation. Journal of Adolescence, 24, 461-472. [Google Scholar]
  62. Schlechty, P. (2002). Working on the Work: An Action Plan for Teachers, Principals, and Superintendents. San Francisco: The Jossey-Bass Education Series. [Google Scholar]
  63. Schwarzer, R., & Warner, L. M. (2012). Perceived self-efficacy and its relationship to resilience. In S. Prince-Embury & D. H. Saklofske (Eds.), Resilience in Children, Adolescents and Adults (pp. 139–150). New York, NY: Springer-Verlag. [Google Scholar]
  64. Seidel, T., & Shavelson, R. (2007). Teaching Effectiveness Research in the Past Decade: The Role of Theory and Research Design in Disentangling Meta-Analysis Results. Review of Educ.Research, 77(4), 454-499 [Google Scholar]
  65. Sirin, S. (2005). Socio-economic status and academic achievement: A meta-analytic review of research. Review of Educational Research, 75(3), 417-453. [Google Scholar]
  66. Tavşancıl, E. & Aslan, E. (2001). Sözel, Yazılı ve Diğer Materyaller için İçerik Analizi ve Uygulama Örnekleri. Epsilon Yayınevi, İstanbul. [Google Scholar]
  67. Ungar, M., Brown, M., Liebenberg, L., Cheung, M., & Levine, K. (2008). Distinguishing differences in path ways to resilience among Canadian youth. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 27(1), 1–13. [Google Scholar]
  68. Ungar, M., Connelly, G., Liebenberg, L., & Theron, L. (2019). How schools enhance the development of young people’s resilience. Social Indicators Research, 145(2), 615-627. [Google Scholar]
  69. Wang, M. C., Haertel, G. D., & Walberg, H. J. (1994). Educational resilience in inner cities. In M. C. Wang & E. W. Gordon (Eds.), Educational resilience in inner-city America: Challenges and prospects (p. 45–72). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. [Google Scholar]
  70. Waxman, H. C., & Huang, S. (1996). Motivation and Learning Environment Differences in Inner-City Middle School Students. The Journal of Educational Research, 90(2), 93-102. [Google Scholar]
  71. Watling, R., & James, V. (2012). The analysis of qualitative data. Research Methods in Educational Leadership and Management, 3, 262-275. [Google Scholar]
  72. WEF. (2018). The Global Competitiveness Index 2017–2018. USA: Word Economic Form. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GCR2017-2018/05FullReport  [Google Scholar]
  73. Williams, J., Steen, S., Albert, T., Dely, B., Jacobs, B., Nagel, C., & Irick, A. (2015).  Academically Resilient, Low-income Students' Perspectives of How School Counselors Can Meet their Academic Needs, Professional School Counseling, 19(1), 155-165. Doi 10.5330/1096-2409-19.1.155 [Google Scholar]
  74. Williams, J. M., & Bryan, J. (2013). Overcoming adversity: High-achieving African American youth’s perspectives on educational resilience. Journal of Counseling and Development, 91(3), 290-299.  [Google Scholar]
  75. Wills, G. & Hofmeyr, H. (2019).Academic resilience in challenging contexts: Evidence from township and rural primary schools in South Africa, International Journal of Educational Research, 98, 192-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2019.08.001 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  76. Winstone, N. E. (2017). The ‘3Rs’ of pedagogic frailty: Risk, reward and resilience. In I. M. Kinchin & N. E. Winstone (Eds.), Pedagogic Frailty and Resilience in the University. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers. [Google Scholar]
  77. Woodlier, D. (2011). Building resilience in looked after young people: A moral values approach. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 39, 259-282. [Google Scholar]
  78. Yaşar, M. R. (2016). Yoksulluk, Akademik Başarı ve Kültürel Sermaye İlişkisi . Journal of Social Sciences/Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (2146-4561), 6(11), 202-237. [Google Scholar]
  79. Yeager, D. S. & Dweck, C. S. (2012). Mindsets That Promote Resilience: When Students Believe That Personal Characteristics Can Be Developed, Educational Psychologist, 47(4), 302-314. [Google Scholar]
  80. Yıldırım A. & Şimşek, H. (2013). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık. [Google Scholar]