International Association of Educators   |  ISSN: 2834-7919   |  e-ISSN: 1554-5210
International Journal of Progressive Education
International Association of Educators

Original article | International Journal of Progressive Education 2021, Vol. 17(1) 1-15

Gender Perception, Career Optimism and Career Adaptability Among University Students: The Mediating Role of Personal Growth Initiative

Yağmur Soylu, Diğdem Müge Siyez & Emir Özeren

pp. 1 - 15   |  DOI: https://doi.org/10.29329/ijpe.2021.329.1   |  Manu. Number: MANU-2006-14-0003.R1

Published online: February 01, 2021  |   Number of Views: 307  |  Number of Download: 1064

Save PDF

Abstract

The current study tested the link between gender perception, career optimism, and career adaptability, and the mediating role of personal growth initiative in this relationship. Multi-stage sampling was used to determine the sample. A total of 2255 undergraduate students (1238 females and 1017 males) from a large state-funded university in Turkey participated in this study. Data were collected via Career Futures Inventory, Gender Perception Scale, Personal Growth Initiative Scale-II, and Personal Information Form. Structural equation modeling was used to test the proposed hypothesized model. Path analyses revealed the association of egalitarian gender perception with career optimism and career adaptability, mediated by personal growth initiative. As a result, students with high egalitarian gender perception scores are likely to have a higher degree of personal growth initiative that will result in enhanced career adaptability and optimism.

Keywords: Gender Perception, Personal Growth Initiative, Career Adaptability, Career Optimism, Path Analysis

How to Cite this Article?

APA 6th edition
Soylu, Y., Siyez, D.M. & Ozeren, E. (2021). Gender Perception, Career Optimism and Career Adaptability Among University Students: The Mediating Role of Personal Growth Initiative . International Journal of Progressive Education, 17(1), 1-15. doi: 10.29329/ijpe.2021.329.1

Harvard
Soylu, Y., Siyez, D. and Ozeren, E. (2021). Gender Perception, Career Optimism and Career Adaptability Among University Students: The Mediating Role of Personal Growth Initiative . International Journal of Progressive Education, 17(1), pp. 1-15.

Chicago 16th edition
Soylu, Yagmur, Digdem Muge Siyez and Emir Ozeren (2021). "Gender Perception, Career Optimism and Career Adaptability Among University Students: The Mediating Role of Personal Growth Initiative ". International Journal of Progressive Education 17 (1):1-15. doi:10.29329/ijpe.2021.329.1.
References
  1. Altınova, H. H., & Duyan, V. (2013). Toplumsal Cinsiyet Algısı Ölçeği’nin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. [The validity and reliability of perception of gender scale]. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 24(2), 9-22. [Google Scholar]
  2. Atak, H., & Çok, F. (2010). A new period in human life: Emerging adulthood. Turkish Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 17(1), 39-50. [Google Scholar]
  3. Arnett, J. J. (2004). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, Inc. [Google Scholar]
  4. Aygün, Z. K., & Imamoğlu, E. O. (2002). Value domains of Turkish adults and university students. The Journal of Social Psychology, 142, 333-351. doi: 10.1080/00224540209603903 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  5. Bourne, D., & Özbilgin, M. F. (2008). Strategies for combating gendered perceptions of careers. Career Development International, 13, 320-332. doi: 10.1108./136204308108800817  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  6. Correll, S. J. (2001). Gender and the career choice process: The role of biased self- assessments. The American Journal of Sociology, 106, 1691-730. doi: 10.1086/321299 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  7. Çelen, N. (2007). Ergenlik ve genç yetişkinlik: Bir dönüşüm süreci. [Adolescence and young adulthood: A transformation process]. İstanbul, Turkey: Papatya Yayıncılık Eğitim. [Google Scholar]
  8. Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve Lisrel uygulamaları. [Multivariate statistic for social sciences: SPSS and Lisrel applications]. Ankara: Pegem Akademi. [Google Scholar]
  9. Duffy, R. D. (2010). Sense of control and career adaptability among undergraduate students. Journal of Career Assessment, 18, 420-430. doi: 10.1177/1069072710374587 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  10. Ebberwein, C. A., Krieshok, T. S., Ulven, J. C., & Prosser, E. C. (2004). Voices in transition: Lessons on career adaptability. The Career Development Quarterly, 52, 292-308. doi: 10.1002/j.2161-0045.2004.tb00947.x [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  11. Eddleston, K. A., Veiga, J. F., & Powell, G. N. (2006). Explaining sex differences in managerial career satisfier preferences: The role of gender self-schema. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 437-445. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.91.2.437 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  12. Eddleston, K. A., & Powell, G. N. (2008). The role of gender identity in explaining sex differences in business owners’ career satisfier preferences. Journal of Business Venturing, 23, 244-256. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2006.11.002 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  13. Hartung, P. J., Porfeli, E. J., & Vondracek, F. W. (2008). Career adaptability in childhood. The Career Development Quarterly, 57, 63-74. doi: 10.1002/j.2161-0045.2008.tb00166.x [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  14. Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.  [Google Scholar]
  15. Kalafat, T. (2012). Kariyer geleceği ölçeği (KARGEL): Türk örneklemi için psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. [Career Futures Inventory (CFI): The examination of psychometric properties in Turkish sample]. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 4(38), 169-179. [Google Scholar]
  16. Kirchmeyer, C. (1998). Determinants of managerial career success: Evidence and explanation of male/female differences. Journal of Management, 24, 673-692. doi: 10.1177/014920639802400601 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  17. Klehe, U. C., Zikic, J., Van Vianen, A. E. M., Koen, J., & Buyken, M. B. W. (2012). Coping proactively with economic stress: Career adaptability in the face of job insecurity, job loss, unemployment, and underemployment. In P. L. Perrewé, J. R. B. Halbesleben, C. C. Rosen (Eds.), Research in occupational stress and well-being. (pp. 131-176). UK: Emerald Group Publishing. [Google Scholar]
  18. Kline, R. B. (1998). Software review: Software programs for structural equation modeling: Amos, EQS, and LISREL. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 16, 343-364. doi: 10.1177/073428299801600407 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  19. Kluemper, D. H., Little, L. M., & DeGroot, T. (2009). State or trait: Effects of state optimism on job-related outcomes. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30, 209-231. doi: 10.1002/job.591 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  20. Koen, J., Klehe, U. C., & Van Vianen, A. E. M. (2012). Training career adaptability to facilitate a successful school-to-work transition. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 81, 395-408. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2012.10.003 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  21. Konstam, V. (2007). Emerging and young adulthood: Multiple perspectives, diverse narratives. Boston, USA: Springer Publisher. [Google Scholar]
  22. Küskü, F., Özbilgin, M., & Özkale, L. (2007). Against the tide: Gendered prejudice and disadvantage in engineering. Gender, Work & Organization, 14, 109-129. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0432.2007.00335.x [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  23. Luyckx, K., Lens, W., Smits, I., & Goossens, L. (2010). Time perspective and identity formation: Short-term longitudinal dynamics in college students. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 34, 238-247. doi: 10.1177/0165025409350957 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  24. Luyckx, K., & Robitschek, C. (2014). Personal growth initiative and identity formation in adolescence through young adulthood: Mediating processes on the pathway to well-being. Journal of Adolescence, 37, 973-981. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.07.009 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  25. Marshall, S. J., & Wijting, J. P. (1980). Relationships of achievement motivation and sex-role identity to college women’s career orientation. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 16, 299-311. doi: 10.1016/0001-8791(80)90057-3 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  26. Michie, S., & Nelson, D. L. (2006), Barriers women face in information technology careers: Self-efficacy, passion and gender biases. Women in Management Review, 21, 10-27. doi: 10.1108/09649420610643385 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  27. Morinaga, Y., Frieze, I. H., & Ferligoj, A. (1993). Career plans and gender-role attitudes of college students in the United States, Japan, and Slovenia. Sex Roles, 29, 317-334. doi: 10.1007/BF00289426 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  28. OECD (2013). Employment and labour markets: Key tables from OECD. Retrieved from: http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/annual-work-table-2013  [Google Scholar]
  29. Pasa, S.F., Kabasakal, H., & Bodur, M. (2001). Society, organisations, and leadership in Turkey. Applied Psychology, 50, 559-589. doi: 10.1111/1464-0597.00073 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  30. Patton, W., Bartrum, D. A., & Creed, P. A. (2004). Gender differences for optimism, self-esteem, expectations and goals in predicting career planning and exploration in adolescents. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 4, 193-209. doi: 10.1007/s10775-005-1745-z [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  31. Pınar G., Taşkın L., & Eroğlu K. (2008). Başkent üniversitesi öğretim elemanı yurdunda kalan gençlerin toplumsal cinsiyet rol kalıplarına ilişkin tutumları. [The behaviours of the students in dormitory of Baskent University against sexual role patterns]. Sağlık Bilimleri Hemşirelik Dergisi, 2008, 47-57. [Google Scholar]
  32. Pleck, J. H. (1981). The myth of masculinity. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. [Google Scholar]
  33. Powell, G. N., & Posner, B. Z. (1989). Commitment to career versus family/home life: Effects of sex, sex role identity, and family status. Psychological Reports, 64, 695-698. doi: 10.2466/pr0.1989.64.3.695 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  34. Powell, G. N., & Greenhaus, J. H. (2010). Sex, gender, and decisions at the family → work interface. Journal of Management, 36, 1011-1039. doi: 10.1177/0149206309350774 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  35. Rand, K. L. (2009). Hope and optimism: Latent structures and influences on grade expectancy and academic performance. Journal of Personality, 77, 231-260. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00544.x [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  36. Robitschek, C. (1998). Personal growth initiative: The construct and its measure. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 30(4), 183-198. [Google Scholar]
  37. Robitschek, C., & Cook, S. W. (1999). The influence of personal growth initiative and coping styles exploration and vocational identity. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54, 127-141. doi: 10.1006/jvbe.1998.1650 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  38. Robitschek, C. (1999). Further validation of the personal growth initiative scale. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 31, 197-210. [Google Scholar]
  39. Robitschek, C., Ashton, M. W., Spering, C. C., Geiger, N., Byers, D., Schotts, G. C., & Thoen, M. A. (2012). Development and psychometric evaluation of the Personal Growth Initiative Scale-II. Journal of counseling psychology, 59, 274-287. doi: 10.1037/a0027310   [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  40. Rottinghaus, P. J., Day, S. X., & Borgen, F. H. (2005). The Career Futures Inventory: A measure of career-related adaptability and optimism. Journal of Career Assessment, 13, 3-24. doi: 10.1177/1069072704270271 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  41. Savickas, M. L. (1997). Career adaptability: An integrative construct for life span, life-space theory. The Career Development Quarterly, 45, 247-259. doi: 10.1002/j.2161-0045.1997.tb00469.x [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  42. Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of the life orientation test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 1063-1078. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.67.6.1063 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  43. Schwartz, S.H. (1994), Cultural dimensions of values: towards an understanding of national differences., in U. Kim, H. C., Triandis, Ç. Kagitcibasi, S. C. Choi, & G. Yoon,  (Eds.). Individualism and collectivism: Theoretical and methodological issues. (pp. 85-119), CA, USA: Sage.  [Google Scholar]
  44. Seginer, R., & Noyman, M. S. (2005). Future orientation, identity, and agency: Their relations in emerging adulthood. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 2, 17-37. doi: 10.1080/17405620444000201 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  45. Shorey, H. S., Little, T. D., Snyder, C. R., Kluck, B., & Robitschek, C. (2007). Hope and personal growth initiative: A comparison of positive, future-oriented constructs. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 1917-1926. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.06.011 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  46. Simsek, Ö. F. (2007). Yapisal eşitlik modellemesine giriş: Temel ilkeler ve LISREL uygulamalari. [Introduction to structural equation modelling: Basic principles and using Lisrel]. Ankara: Ekinoks Yayincilik. [Google Scholar]
  47. Siyez, D. M., & Yusupu, R. (2015). Üniversite öğrencilerinde kariyer uyumluluğu ve kariyer iyimserliğinin cinsiyet rolü değişkenine göre incelenmesi, [Investigating career adaptability and career optimism according to gender role among college students]. Is, Guc The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources, 17, 78-88. doi: 10.4026/1303-2860.2015.0270.x [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  48. Smith, C., Christoffersen, K., Davidson, H., & Herzog, P. S. (2011). Lost in transition: The dark side of emerging adulthood. NY, USA: Oxford University Press. [Google Scholar]
  49. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate analysis. California State University, Northridge: Harper Collins College Publishers. [Google Scholar]
  50. Turkish Statistical Institute (2014). Toplumsal cinsiyet istatistikleri [Gender Statistics]. Ankara, Turkey: Turkish Statistical Institute Press. [Google Scholar]
  51. Vefikuluçay D., Zeyneloğlu, S., Eroğlu, K., & Taşkın, L. (2007). Kafkas Üniversitesi Son Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rollerine İlişkin Bakış Açıları [Perception of and views on gender roles of senior students enrolled at Kafkas University]. Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 14(2): 26-30. [Google Scholar]
  52. Vural Yüzbaşı, D. (2012). Türkiye’de beliren yetişkinlik: Yetişkinlik kriterlerinin ve yetişkinlik statülerinin incelenmesi [Emerging adulthood in Turkey: Investigation adulthood criteria and status] (Unpublished master thesis). Ege Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İzmir. [Google Scholar]
  53. Wasti, S. A. (1999). Organizational commitment in a collectivist culture: The case of Turkey (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. [Google Scholar]
  54. Yalçın, İ., & Malkoç, A. (2013). Kişisel Gelişim Yönelimi Ölçeği-II’nin Türkçe’ye Uyarlanması ve Psikometrik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi [Adaptation of Personal Growth Initiative Scale-II to Turkish and investigation of psychometric properties]. The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 26, 258-266. doi: 10.5350/DAJPN2013260304 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  55. Yılmaz, D. V., Zeyneloğlu, S., Kocaöz, S., Kısa, S., Taşkın, L., & Eroğlu, K. (2009). Üniversite öğrencilerinin toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin görüşleri [Views on gender roles of university students]. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 775-792. [Google Scholar]
Download
Metric
History
Related

Volume 17 Issue 1

February 2021

All Articles

International Journal of Progressive Education

International Association of Educators.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License.
Privacy policy     |     Terms of Use     |     Use of Cookies
Creative Commons Lisansı
© 2012 - 2024 - THDSoft e-Journal Management System.