International Association of Educators   |  ISSN: 2834-7919   |  e-ISSN: 1554-5210
International Journal of Progressive Education
International Association of Educators

Original article | International Journal of Progressive Education 2020, Vol. 16(3) 156-170

The Relationship Between Teacher Candidates' Critical Thinking Standards and Reflective Thinking Skills

Eray Eğmir & İjlal Ocak

pp. 156 - 170   |  DOI: https://doi.org/10.29329/ijpe.2020.248.12   |  Manu. Number: MANU-1910-02-0003.R1

Published online: June 05, 2020  |   Number of Views: 462  |  Number of Download: 865

Save PDF

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between teacher candidates' critical thinking standards and reflective thinking skills. The study investigated the level of critical thinking standard and reflective thinking skills of teacher candidates, as well. Also, another sub-problem of the study was whether reflective thinking skills significantly differentiated according to critical thinking standards divided into three sub-levels. When the findings were examined, it can be stated that students had a high level of critical thinking standards, “depth, width, and competence”, “precision and accuracy”, and “importance, relevance, and clarity” sub-dimensions, and reflective thinking skills. Also, there was a significant and positive correlation between teacher candidates’ reflective thinking skills with critical thinking standards, “depth, width, and competence”, “precision and accuracy”, and “importance, relevance, and clarity” sub-dimensions. When the data were examined, it can be said that teacher candidates’ reflective thinking skills differed significantly according to critical thinking standard level. Besides, it can be stated that the mean ranks determined in all scale were high in favor of teacher candidates with high critical thinking standard level. However, compound effect of the level of critical thinking standards with gender and grade was not significant on reflective thinking skills; compound effect of critical thinking standards with department on reflective thinking skills was significant.

Keywords: Critical Thinking Standards, Reflective Thinking, Teacher Candidates

How to Cite this Article?

APA 6th edition
Egmir, E. & Ocak, I. (2020). The Relationship Between Teacher Candidates' Critical Thinking Standards and Reflective Thinking Skills . International Journal of Progressive Education, 16(3), 156-170. doi: 10.29329/ijpe.2020.248.12

Harvard
Egmir, E. and Ocak, I. (2020). The Relationship Between Teacher Candidates' Critical Thinking Standards and Reflective Thinking Skills . International Journal of Progressive Education, 16(3), pp. 156-170.

Chicago 16th edition
Egmir, Eray and Ijlal Ocak (2020). "The Relationship Between Teacher Candidates' Critical Thinking Standards and Reflective Thinking Skills ". International Journal of Progressive Education 16 (3):156-170. doi:10.29329/ijpe.2020.248.12.
References
  1. Aktaş, B. Ç. (2016). Pedagojik formasyon programı öğrencilerinin eleştirel okuma özyeterlik algısı ve yansıtıcı düşünme eğilimlerinin incelenmesi. [Examining critical reading self-efficacy perceptions and reflective thinking tendencies of students in pedagogic formation program] Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(59), 1186-1202.  [Google Scholar]
  2. Aybek, B., Aslan, S., Dinçer, S., & Coşkun Arısoy, B. (2015). Öğretmen adaylarına yönelik eleştirel düşünme standartları ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. [Critical thinking standards scale for the teacher candidates: Study of validity and reliability]. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 21(1), 25-50.  [Google Scholar]
  3. Bailin, S., Case R., Coombs J. R., & Daniels, L. B. (1999). Conceptualizing critical thinking, Journal of Curriculum Studies, 31(3), 285-302. [Google Scholar]
  4. Beyer, B. (1995). Critical thinking. Indiana: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation. [Google Scholar]
  5. Beyer, B. (1991). Teaching thinking skills: A handbook for elementary school teachers. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. [Google Scholar]
  6. Black, P. E., & Plowright, D. (2010). A multi-dimensional model of reflective learning for professional development. Reflective Practice, 11(2), 245-258. doi:10.1080/14623941003665810. [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  7. Boud, D., Cohen, R., & Walker, D. (1993). Using experience for learning. Buckingham [England]; Bristol, Pa.: Society for Research into Higher Education and Open University Press. [Google Scholar]
  8. Brabeck, M. (1981). The relationship between critical thinking skills and development of reflective judgment among adolescent and adult women. Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association (89th, Los Angeles, CA, August 24-26). [Google Scholar]
  9. Brabeck, M., King, P., Kitchener, K., Mines, R. & Welfel, E. (1981). Learning to make judgments: Now students defend what they believe. A presentation made at the annual meeting of the American College Personnel Association, Cincinatti. [Google Scholar]
  10. Brookfield, S. (2009). The concept of critical reflection: Promises and contradictions. European Journal of Social Work, 12(3), 293-304. [Google Scholar]
  11. Bruster, B. G. & Peterson, B. R. (2013). Using critical incidents in teaching to promote reflective practice. Reflective Practice, 14(2), 170-182.  [Google Scholar]
  12. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2016). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı: İstatistik, araştırma deseni SPSS uygulamaları ve yorum. (Extended 22th Edition). [Handbook of data analysis for the social sciences: Statistics, research pattern SPSS applications and interpretation]. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Publishing. [Google Scholar]
  13. Chi, F. (2010). Reflection as teaching inquiry: Examples from Taiwanese in‐service teachers. Reflective Practice, 11(2), 171-183. doi: 10.1080/14623941003672410. [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  14. Choy, S. C. & Oo, P. S. (2012). Reflective thinking and teaching practices: A precursor for incorporating critical thinking into the classroom. International Journal of Instruction, 5(1), 167-182.  [Google Scholar]
  15. Choy, S., & Cheah, P. (2009). Teacher perceptions of critical thinking among students and its influence on higher education. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 20(2), 198–206. [Google Scholar]
  16. Daniel, M. ve Auriac, E. (2011). Philosophy, critical thinking and philosophy for children. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 43 (5), 415-435. [Google Scholar]
  17. Danielson, L. (2002). Developing and retaining quality classroom teachers through mentoring. Clearing House, 75(4), 183-185. [Google Scholar]
  18. Demir, S. (2015). Evaluation of critical thinking and reflective thinking skills among science teacher candidates. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(18), 17-21.  [Google Scholar]
  19. Doganay, A., & Ünal F. (2006). Eleştirel düşünmenin öğretimi, Ali Şimşek (Ed). İçerik türlerine dayalı öğretim. [Teaching based on content types]. Ankara: Nobel Publishing. [Google Scholar]
  20. Elaldı, Ş. (2013). Yansıtıcı düşünme etkinlikleri ile destekli tam öğrenme modelinin tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin üstbiliş becerileri, öz-düzenleme stratejileri, öz-yansıtma becerileri, öz-yeterlik inançları, eleştirel düşünme becerileri ve akademik başarılarına etkisi [The effect of mastery learning model supported with reflective thinking activities on medical students' metacognitive skills, self-regulation strategies, self-reflection skills, self-efficacy beliefs, critical thinking skills and academic achievement]. (Unpublished PhD Dissertation). Fırat University, Elazığ. [Google Scholar]
  21. Eryaman, M. Y. (2007). From reflective practice to practical wisdom: Toward a post-foundational teacher education. International Journal of Progressive Education, 3(1), 87-107. [Google Scholar]
  22. Facione, N. C., & Facione, P. A. (1996). Externalizing the critical thinking in knowledge development and critical judgment. Nursing Outlook, 44(3), 129–136. [Google Scholar]
  23. Feuerstein, R., Hoffman, M. B., Rand, Y., Jensen, M. R., Tzuriel, D. & Hoffmann D. B. (1985). Learning to learn: Mediated learning experiences and instrumental enrichment. Special services in schools, 3(1-2), 49-82. [Google Scholar]
  24. Fisher, R. (1999) Thinking skills to thinking schools: Ways to develop children's thinking and learning, Early Child Development and Care, 153(1), 51-63.  [Google Scholar]
  25. Forneris, S. G. & Peden-McAlpine, C. (2007). Evaluation of a reflective learning intervention to improve critical thinking in novice nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 57(4), 410-421. [Google Scholar]
  26. Francis, D. (1997). Critical Incident Analysis: A strategy for developing reflective practice, Teachers and Teaching, 3(2), 169-188. [Google Scholar]
  27. Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (2001). Critical thinking, cognitive presence, and computer conferencing in distance education. American Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), 7-23. [Google Scholar]
  28. Gelter, H. (2003). Why is reflective thinking uncommon. Reflective Practice, 4(3), 337–345. Retrieved from https://www.diva-ortal.org/smash/get/diva2:978213/FULLTEXT01.pdf.  [Google Scholar]
  29. Ghanizadeh, A. (2017). The interplay between reflective thinking, critical thinking, self-monitoring and academic achievement in higher education. High Educ, 74, 101–114. [Google Scholar]
  30. Glaser, E. M. (1941). An experiment in the development of critical thinking, contribution to education #843. New York: Bureau of Publications Teachers College, Columbia University.  [Google Scholar]
  31. Griffin, M. (2003). Using critical incidents to promote and assess reflective thinking in preservice teachers. Reflective Practice, 4(2), 207-220.  [Google Scholar]
  32. Griffith, B. A. & Frieden, G. (2000). Facilitating reflective thinking in counselor education. Counselor Education and Supervision, 40(2), 82-93. [Google Scholar]
  33. Güney, K. (2008). Mikro-Yansıtıcı öğretim yönteminin öğretmen adaylarının sunu performansı ve yansıtıcı düşünmesine etkisi. [The effect of micro- reflective teaching method in accordance with the presentation performance and reflective thinking activities of student- teachers]. (Unpublished PhD Dissertation). Fırat University, Elazığ.  [Google Scholar]
  34. Halpern, D. F. (2007). Critical thinking assessment using everyday situations: Background and scoring standards. Claremont, CA: Claremont McKenna College. [Google Scholar]
  35. Halpern, D. F. (1996). Thought and knowledge: An introduction to critical thinking (3rd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: L. Erlbaum Associates. [Google Scholar]
  36. Hatton, N., & Smith, D. (1994, July 3-6, 1994). Facilitating reflection: Issues and research. presented at the meeting of the Conference of the Australian Teacher Education Association (24th), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. [Google Scholar]
  37. Hatton, N., & Smith, D. (1996). Reflection in teacher education: Towards definition and implementation. Retrieved from http://alex.edfac.usyd.edu.au/LocalResource/Study1/hattonart.html.  [Google Scholar]
  38. Ivie, S. D. (2001). Metaphor: A model for teaching critical thinking. Contemporary Education, 72(1), 18–23. [Google Scholar]
  39. Junsay, M. L. (2016). Reflective learning and prospective teachers’ conceptual understanding, critical thinking, problem solving, and mathematical communication skills. Research in Pedagogy, 6(2), 43‐58 [Google Scholar]
  40. Karasar, N. (2016). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi: Kavramlar, ilkeler, teknikler. [Scientific research method: Concepts, principles, techniques]. (30th Edition). Ankara: Nobel Publishing.  [Google Scholar]
  41. Kember, D., Leung, D., Jones, A., & Loke, A. Y. (2000). Development of a questionnaire to measure the level of reflective thinking. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 25(4), 380–395. [Google Scholar]
  42. Kennison, M. M. (2006). The evaluation of students’ reflective writing for evidence of critical thinking. Nursing Education Perspectives, 27(5), 269-273.  [Google Scholar]
  43. Kim, K. N. (2009). Exploring undergraduate students’ active learning for enhancing their critical thinking and learning in a large class. (Unpublished PhD Dissertation), The Pennsylvania State University. [Google Scholar]
  44. King, P. M. & Kitchener, K. S. (1994). Developing reflective judgment: Understanding and promoting intellectual growth and critical thinking in adolescents and adults. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. [Google Scholar]
  45. Kurnaz, A. (2013). Eleştirel düşünme öğretimi etkinlikleri planlama-uygulama ve değerlendirme. [Planning, implementation and evaluation of critical thinking teaching activities]. (2. Baskı). Konya: Egitim Publishing. [Google Scholar]
  46. Levis A., & Smith D. (1993). Defining higher order thinking, Theory into Practice, 32(3), 131-137. [Google Scholar]
  47. Meral, E. & Semerci, Ç. (2009). Yeni (2006) ilköğretim İngilizce programını uygulayan öğretmenlerin eleştirel ve yansıtıcı düşünmeleri. [Critical thinking and problem solving: Teachers’ use of reflective thinking] Fırat Üniversitesi Doğu Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(1), 50-54.  [Google Scholar]
  48. Moon, J. (2008). Critical thinking: An exploration of theory and practice. London and New York: Routledge. [Google Scholar]
  49. Moon, J. A. (2006). Learning journals: A handbook for reflective practice and professional development (2nd ed.). London; New York: Routledge. [Google Scholar]
  50. Naber, J., & Wyatt, T. H. (2014). The effect of reflective writing interventions on the critical thinking skills and dispositions of baccalaureate nursing students. Nurse Education Today, 34(1), 67-72. [Google Scholar]
  51. Norton, J. L. (1994). Creative thinking and locus of control as predictors of reflective thinking in pre-service teachers, Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED366579.pdf.  [Google Scholar]
  52. Nosich, G. M. (2012). Eleştirel düşünme ve disiplinlerarası eleştirel düşünme rehberi. [Guide for critical thinking and interdisciplinary critical thinking]. (Translated by Birsel Aybek). Ankara: Anı Publishing. [Google Scholar]
  53. Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2013). Kritik düşünce [Critical thinking]. (Translated by Esra Aslan & Gamze Sart). Ankara: Nobel Publishing. [Google Scholar]
  54. Posteguillo, S., & Palmer, J. C. (2000). Reflective teaching in EFL: Integrating theory and practice. TESL_EJ, 4(3), 1-15.  [Google Scholar]
  55. Raines, S. C. (2015). Promising research, practices and developments. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 13(3), 14–15. [Google Scholar]
  56. Riedler, M. & Eryaman M.Y.  (2016). Complexity, Diversity and Ambiguity in Teaching and Teacher Education: Practical Wisdom, Pedagogical Fitness and Tact of Teaching. International Journal of Progressive Education. 12(3): 172-186 [Google Scholar]
  57. Rodgers, C. (2002). Defining reflection: Another look at John Dewey and reflective thinking. Teachers College Record, 104(4), 842–866. [Google Scholar]
  58. Rogers, R. R. (2001). Reflection in higher education: A concept analysis. Innovative Higher Education, 26(1), 37-57. [Google Scholar]
  59. Ross, D. D. (1989). First steps in developing a reflective approach. Journal of Teacher Education, 40(2), 22-30. doi: 10.1177/002248718904000205. [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  60. Saçlı, F. (2013). Yaratıcı drama eğitiminin aday beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin eleştirel düşünme becerileri ve eğilimleri üzerine etkisi [The effect of creative drama education on critical thinking skills and dispositions in preservice physical education teachers]. (Unpublished PhD Dissertation). Hacettepe University, Ankara. [Google Scholar]
  61. Şahin, A. (2011). Türkçe öğretmeni adaylarının yansıtıcı düşünme eğilimlerinin çeşitli değişkenlere göre değerlendirilmesi. [Evaluating pre-service Turkish teachers' reflective thinking tendencies according to various variables]. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(37), 108-119.  [Google Scholar]
  62. Scheffer, B. K., & Rubenfeld M. G. (2000). A consensus statement on critical thinking in nursing. Journal of Nursing Education, 39, 352-359. [Google Scholar]
  63. Schön, D. A. (1983). The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. USA: Basic Books Inc. [Google Scholar]
  64. Scriven, M., & Paul, R. (2004). Defining critical thinking. Retrieved November 2018. http://www.criticalthinking.org/aboutCT/definingCT.shtml.  [Google Scholar]
  65. Shermis, S. (1999). Reflective thought, critical thinking. ERIC Digest, ED436007. Retrieved from http://www.ericdigest.org/2000-3/thought.htm.  [Google Scholar]
  66. Sparks-Langer, G. M. & Colton, A. B. (1991). Synthesis of research on teachers’ reflective thinking. Educational Leadership, 48(6), 37-44. [Google Scholar]
  67. Sternberg, R. J. (1987). Teaching Critical Thinking: Eight Easy Ways to Fail Before You Begin. Phi Delta Kappan, February, 456-459. [Google Scholar]
  68. Tavsancıl, E. (2006). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile veri analizi. [Measurement of attitudes and data analysis with SPSS]. Ankara: Nobel Publishing. [Google Scholar]
  69. Tican, C. (2013). Yansıtıcı düşünmeye dayalı öğretim etkinliklerinin öğretmen adaylarının yansıtıcı düşünme becerilerine, eleştirel düşünme becerilerine, demokratik tutumlarına ve akademik başarılarına etkisi. [The effects of reflective thinking-based teaching activities on pre-service teachers' reflective thinking skills, critical thinking skills, democratic attitudes and academic achievement]. (Unpublished PhD Dissertation). Gazi University, Ankara. [Google Scholar]
  70. Tilley, F., Marsh, C., Middlemiss, L., & Parrish, B. (2010). Critical and reflective thinking: The ability to reflect critically on sustainability challenges. Retrieved from http://arts.brighton.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0013/6304/Critical-and-Reflective-Thinking.pdf.  [Google Scholar]
  71. Weast, D. (1996). Alternative teaching strategies: The case for critical thinking. Teaching Sociology, 24, 189-194. [Google Scholar]
Download
Metric
History
Related

Volume 16 Issue 3

June 2020

All Articles

International Journal of Progressive Education

International Association of Educators.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License.
Privacy policy     |     Terms of Use     |     Use of Cookies
Creative Commons Lisansı
© 2012 - 2024 - THDSoft e-Journal Management System.