International Association of Educators   |  ISSN: 2834-7919   |  e-ISSN: 1554-5210

Original article | International Journal of Progressive Education 2023, Vol. 19(1) 47-61

Critical Reading Self-Efficacy and Metacognitive Reading Strategies: A Relational Study

Yelda Kökçü

pp. 47 - 61   |  DOI: https://doi.org/10.29329/ijpe.2023.517.4   |  Manu. Number: MANU-2205-26-0004.R2

Published online: February 01, 2023  |   Number of Views: 174  |  Number of Download: 425


Abstract

Critical reading strengthens students' metacognitive reading strategies and allows them to reflect on their current reading strategies. The relationship between metacognitive reading techniques and critical thinking and reading must be stressed, given that critical thinking is an intentional and self-regulated choice mechanism. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between pre-service teachers’ critical reading skills and their use of metacognitive reading strategies. The relational survey model was used and 124 preservice teachers studying at the Turkish Language Education Department of a University located in the east of Turkey participated in this study. Critical Reading Self-Efficacy Perception Scale (CRSPS) and Metacognitive Reading Strategies Questionnaire (MRSQ) were used in data collection tools. The data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation analysis and simple linear regression analysis. The findings showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between the participants’ critical reading perceptions and their use of metacognitive reading strategies. It was determined that the critical reading skills of pre-service teachers should be improved for which educational content should be developed. In addition, the preservice teachers should be offered training metacognitive reading. In order to obtain more in depth information, qualitative or mixed method studies should be carried out in the future.

Keywords: Critical Reading, Metacognitive Reading Strategies, Turkish Teacher Candidates


How to Cite this Article?

APA 6th edition
Kokcu, Y. (2023). Critical Reading Self-Efficacy and Metacognitive Reading Strategies: A Relational Study . International Journal of Progressive Education, 19(1), 47-61. doi: 10.29329/ijpe.2023.517.4

Harvard
Kokcu, Y. (2023). Critical Reading Self-Efficacy and Metacognitive Reading Strategies: A Relational Study . International Journal of Progressive Education, 19(1), pp. 47-61.

Chicago 16th edition
Kokcu, Yelda (2023). "Critical Reading Self-Efficacy and Metacognitive Reading Strategies: A Relational Study ". International Journal of Progressive Education 19 (1):47-61. doi:10.29329/ijpe.2023.517.4.

References
  1. Akın, E. & Çeçen, M. A. (2014). Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Okuma Stratejileri Üstbilişsel Farkındalık Düzeylerinin Değerlendirilmesi (Muş-Bulanık Örneği). Electronic Turkish Studies, 9(8). [Google Scholar]
  2. Akkaya, N. (2011). İlköğretim 8. Sınıf Türkçe Dersinde Okuduğunu Anlama Stratejilerini Kullanmanın Tutuma Etkileri. Millî Eğitim, 191, 68-77. [Google Scholar]
  3. Alfassi, M. (2004). Reading to Learn: Effects of Combined Strategy Instruction on High School Students. Journal of Educational Research, 97(4), 171-184.  [Google Scholar]
  4. Aşılıoğlu, B. & Yaman, F. (2017). Öğretmen Adaylarının Eleştirel Okumaya Yönelik Özyeterlik Algıları. Electronic Journal of Education Sciences, 6(12), 171-179. [Google Scholar]
  5. Aşılıoğlu, B. (2008). Bilişsel Öğrenmeler için Eleştirel Okumanın Önemi ve Onu Geliştirme Yolları. Dicle Üniversitesi Ziya Gökalp Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (10), 1-11. [Google Scholar]
  6. Ateş, S. (2013). Eleştirel Okuma ve Bir Beceri Olarak Öğretimi. Turkish Journal of Education, 2(3), 40-49. [Google Scholar]
  7. Aybek, B. & Aslan, S. (2015). Öğretmen Adaylarının Eleştirel Okuma Özyeterlik Algılarının Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi. Uluslararası Türkçe Edebiyat Kültür Eğitim Dergisi. 4(4). 1672-1683. [Google Scholar]
  8. Azizoğlu, N. İ. & Okur, A. (2020). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Okuma Stratejileri Üstbilişsel Farkındalıklarının Demografik Değişkenler ve Günlük Ritim Özellikleri ile İlişkisi. Ana Dili Eğitimi Dergisi, 8(2), 258-269. [Google Scholar]
  9. Bağçeci, B., Döş, B. & Sarıca, R. (2011). İlköğretim Öğrencilerinin Üstbilişsel Farkındalık Düzeyleri İle Akademik Başarısı Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8 (16), 551-566. [Google Scholar]
  10. Baker, L. (2002). Metacognition in Comprehension Instruction. C. C. Blocks, M. Pressley (Eds.), Comprehension Instruction Research-Based Best Practices (77-95). New York: The Guilford Press. [Google Scholar]
  11. Baltaş, Z. (2004). E-Öğrenciler Nasıl Öğreniyor Üstbiliş. Kaynak Dergisi, 20, 11-15. [Google Scholar]
  12. Bamberger, R. (1990). Okuma Alışkanlığını Geliştirme (B. Çapar, Çev.). Ankara: Kültür Bakanlığı Yayınları. [Google Scholar]
  13. Başaran, M. (2013). 4. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Üstbilişsel Okuma Stratejilerini Kullanma Durumları ve Bu Stratejilerle Okuduğunu Anlama Arasındaki İlişki. Electronic Turkish Studies, 8 (8), 225-240. [Google Scholar]
  14. Baydık, B. (2011). Okuma Güçlüğü Olan Öğrencilerin Üstbilişsel Okuma Stratejilerini Kullanımı ve Öğretmenlerinin Okuduğunu Anlama Öğretim Uygulamalarının İncelenmesi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 36(162). [Google Scholar]
  15. Beck, I. L. (1989). Reading and Reasoning. The Reading Teacher, 42 (9), 676-682. [Google Scholar]
  16. Blaha, B. A. & Bennett, J. M. (1993). Yeni Okuma Teknikleri. İstanbul: Rota Yayınları. [Google Scholar]
  17. Blakey, E. & Spence, S. (1990). Developing metacognition. Syracuse, NY: ERIC Clearinghouse on Information Resources. [Google Scholar]
  18. Bond, G.L., & Wagner, E.B. (1966). Teaching The Child to Read (4th ed.). New York: Macmillan. [Google Scholar]
  19. Brown, A. (1987). Metacognition, Executive Control, Self-Regulation, and Other Mysterious Mechanisms. In F. E. Weinert & R. H. Kluwe (Eds.), Metacognition, Motivation, and Understanding (pp. 65-116). Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [Google Scholar]
  20. Çam Aktaş, B. (2016). Pedagojik Formasyon Programı Öğrencilerinin Eleştirel Okuma Özyeterlik Algısı ve Yansıtıcı Düşünme Eğilimlerinin İncelenmesi. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 15(59), 1186-1202. [Google Scholar]
  21. Cantrell, S., Carter, J. (2009). Relationships Among Learner Characteristics and Adolescents’ Perceptions About Reading Strategy Use. Reading Psychology, 30, 195-224.  [Google Scholar]
  22. Cervetti, G., Pardales, M. J., & Damico, J. S. (2001). A Tale of Differences: Comparing The Traditions, Perspectives, and Educational Goals of Critical Reading and Critical Literacy. Reading Online, 4(9), 80-90. [Google Scholar]
  23. Çifçi, M. (2006). Eleştirel Okuma. Türk Dili Araştırmaları Yıllığı-Belleten, 54(2006/1), 55-80. [Google Scholar]
  24. Çöğmen, S. (2008). Eğitim Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Kullandıkları Okuduğunu Anlama Stratejileri (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Aydın. [Google Scholar]
  25. Çokluk, O., Şekercioğlu, G. & Büyüköztürk, S. (2016). Sosyal Bilimler için Çok Değişkenli İstatistik. Ankara: Pegem Akademi. [Google Scholar]
  26. Comber, B. (1993). Classroom Explorations in Critical Literacy. Australian Journal of Language and Literacy, 16(1), 73-83. [Google Scholar]
  27. Creswell, J. W. (2017). Araştırma Deseni (Nitel, Nicel ve Karma Yöntem Araştırmaları). Ankara: Eğiten Kitap.  [Google Scholar]
  28. Çubukçu, F. (2008). Enhancing Vocabulary Development and Reading Comprehension Through Metacognitive Strategies. Educational Research, 18(1), 1-11. [Google Scholar]
  29. Darch, C. & Kameenui, E.J. (1987). Teaching LD Students Critical Reading Skills: A Systematic Replication. Learning Disability Quarterly, 10(2)-82-91. [Google Scholar]
  30. Davidson, J. E., & Sternberg, R. J. (1998). Smart Problem Solving: How Metacognition Helps. In D. J. Hacker, J. Dunlosky, & A. C. Graesser (Eds.), Metacognition in Theory And Practice. Mahwah: Erlbaum. [Google Scholar]
  31. DeVoogd, G. (2008). Critical Comprehension of Social Studies Texts. RHI: Promoting Active Citizenship. New York: Random House Inc, 2(2), 21-25. [Google Scholar]
  32. Durkin, D. (1989). Teaching Them to Read (fifth edition). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. [Google Scholar]
  33. Eilers, L. H., & Pinkley, C. (2006). Metacognitive Strategies Help Students to Comprehend All Text. Reading Improvement, 43(1), 13-30. [Google Scholar]
  34. Facione, P. A. (1990). Critical Thinking: A Statement of Expert Consensus for Purposes of Educational Assessment and Instruction “The Delphi Report” (Executive Summary), California Academic Press: Millbrae. [Google Scholar]
  35. Facione, P. A. (2007). Critical Thinking: What It is And Why It Counts. The California Academic Press. [Google Scholar]
  36. Flamond, R.K. (1962). Critical Reading. In A.J. Mazurkiewicz (Ed.), New Perspectives in Reading Instruction (pp. 292-297). New York: Pitman. [Google Scholar]
  37. Flavell, J. H. (1976). Metacognitive Aspects of Problem Solving. In L. B. Resnick (Ed.), The Nature of Intelligence (pp. 231–236). Hillsdale: Erlbaum. [Google Scholar]
  38. Flemming, L. E. (2011). Reading for Thinking. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. [Google Scholar]
  39. Fraenkel, J. R., & Wallen, N. E. (2009). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education (Seventh ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. [Google Scholar]
  40. Grabe, W. (2009) Reading in a Second Language: Moving From Theory to Practice. New York: Cambridge University Press. [Google Scholar]
  41. Güneş, F. (2014). Türkçe Öğretimi Yaklaşımlar ve Modeller (2. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi. [Google Scholar]
  42. Guthrie, J. T., & Coddington, C. S. (2009). Reading Motivation. In Handbook of Motivation at School (pp. 517-540). Routledge. [Google Scholar]
  43. Hagood, M. C. (2002). Critical Literacy for Whom?. Literacy Research and Instruction, 41(3), 247-265. [Google Scholar]
  44. Haris, A.J. & Sipay, E.R. (1990). How to Increase Reading Ability: A Guide To Developmental and Remedial Methods. Longman, New York. [Google Scholar]
  45. Hong, Z. (2008). The Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Among English Major And Nonenglish Major College Students in Southern Taiwan (Unpublished master thesis). Gradute Studies of Leader University, Taiwan. [Google Scholar]
  46. Hong-Nam, K., Leavell, A. G., & Maher, S. (2014). The Relationships Among Reported Strategy Use, Metacognitive Awareness and Reading Achievement of High School Students. Reading Psychology, 35(8), 762-790. [Google Scholar]
  47. Hudson, T. (2007) Teaching Second Language Reading. New York: Oxford University Press. [Google Scholar]
  48. Işık, H. (2010). Lise Öğrencilerinin Eleştirel Okuma Seviyeleri Ve Eleştirel Okuma Seviyeleri İle Eleştirel Düşünme Eğilimleri ve Okuma Sıklıkları Arasındaki İlişki. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Anadolu Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eskişehir. [Google Scholar]
  49. Jacobson, R. (1998). Teachers Improving Learning Using Metacognition With Self-Monitoring Learning Strategies. Education, 118(4), 579-589. [Google Scholar]
  50. Kana, F. (2014). Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Üstbiliş Okuma Stratejileri Farkındalık Düzeyleri. Erzincan Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(1), 100-121. [Google Scholar]
  51. Karabay, A. (2015). Eleştirel Okuma Eğitiminin Üst Bilişsel Okuma Stratejileri ve Medya Okuryazarlığı Üzerindeki Etkisi. Eğitimde Kuram ve Uygulama, 11(4), 1167-1184. [Google Scholar]
  52. Karadeniz, A. (2014). Eleştirel Okuma Özyeterlilik Algısı Ölçeğinin Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 3(1), 113-140. [Google Scholar]
  53. Karasakaloğlu, N., Saracaloğlu, S. & Özelçi, S.Y. (2012). Sınıf Öğretmeni Adaylarının Eleştirel Okuma Öz-Yeterliklerine İlişkin Algıları. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 9 (19), 405-422. [Google Scholar]
  54. Karasar, N. (2017). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi (32. Baskı). Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık. [Google Scholar]
  55. Karatay, H. (2009). Okuma Stratejileri Bilişsel Farkındalık Ölçeği. Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(2), 58-79. [Google Scholar]
  56. Karatay, H. (2010). İlköğretim Öğrencilerinin Okuduğunu Kavrama ile İlgili Bilişsel Farkındalıkları, TÜBAR, XXVII, 457-475. [Google Scholar]
  57. Koda, K. (2005). Insights into Second Language Reading. USA: Cambridge University Press. [Google Scholar]
  58. Köklü, N., Büyüköztürk, S. & Cokluk, Ö. (2006). Sosyal Bilimler için İstatistik. Ankara: PegemA Yayınları. [Google Scholar]
  59. Kuhn, D. (2000). Metacognitive Development. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9(5), 178-181. [Google Scholar]
  60. Kummin, S. & Rahman, S. (2010). The Relationship Between The Use of Metacognitive Strategies and Achivement in English. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 7, 145-150. [Google Scholar]
  61. Luke, A. (2012). Critical Literacy: Foundational Notes. Theory into Practice, 51(1), 4-11. [Google Scholar]
  62. McKenna, M. C. (2001). Development of Reading Attitudes. In Literacy and Motivation (pp. 132-152). Routledge. [Google Scholar]
  63. Miller, E. K. (2000). The Prefrontal Cortex and Cognitive Control. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 1, 59-65. [Google Scholar]
  64. Newell, A., & Simon, H. A. (1972). Human Problem Solving. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. [Google Scholar]
  65. Özbay, M. & Bahar, M. A. (2012). İleri okur ve Üstbiliş Eğitimi. Uluslararası Türkçe Edebiyat Kültür Eğitim (TEKE) Dergisi, 1(1), 158-177. [Google Scholar]
  66. Özdemir, E. (1987). Türkçe Öğretimi Kılavuzu. İstanbul: İnkılap Kitabevi. [Google Scholar]
  67. Özdemir, S. (2017). Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Eleştirel Okuma Özyeterlikleri. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(7), 40-55. [Google Scholar]
  68. Özen, F. & Durkan, E. (2016). Üstbilişsel Okuma Stratejileri Kullandırma Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi, Bir Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması. Electronic Turkish Studies, 11(14), 565-586. [Google Scholar]
  69. Paris, S. C. & Jacobs, J. E. (1984). The Benefits of Informed Instruction for Children's Reading Awareness and Comprehension Skills. Child Development, 55 (6), 2083-2093. [Google Scholar]
  70. Parson, J. M. (1985). The Effect of Metacognitive Strategy Training on Critical Reading Ability. (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). Louisiana State University, Louisiana. [Google Scholar]
  71. Pirozzi, R. (2003). Critical Reading, Critical Thinking. New York: Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers Inc.  [Google Scholar]
  72. Pressley, M. & Afflerbach, P. (1995). Verbal Protocols of Reading: The Nature of Constructively Responsive Reading. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. [Google Scholar]
  73. Pressley, M. & Gaskins, I.W. (2006). Metacognitively Competent Reading Comprehension is Constructively Responsive Reading: How Can Such Reading Be Developed in Students?. Metacognition Learning, 1, 99-113. [Google Scholar]
  74. Razı, S. (2008). Okuma Becerisi Öğretimi ve Değerlendirilmesi. İstanbul: Kriter Yayınları. [Google Scholar]
  75. Razon, N. (1982). Okuma Güçlükleri. Eğitim ve Bilim, 7(39), 19-28. [Google Scholar]
  76. Resnick, L. B. (1987). Education and Learning to Think. Washington DC: National Acedemy Press. [Google Scholar]
  77. Schiefele, U., Schaffner, E., Möller, J., & Wigfield, A. (2012). Dimensions of Reading Motivation and Their Relation to Reading Behavior and Competence. Reading Research Quarterly, 47(4), 427-463. [Google Scholar]
  78. Schraw, G., & Dennison, R. S. (1994). Assessing Metacognitive Awareness. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 19, 460-475. [Google Scholar]
  79. Schraw, G., & Moshman, D. (1995). Metacognitive Theories. Educational Psychology Review, 7(4), 351-371. [Google Scholar]
  80. Schunk, D. H. (1990). Goal Setting and Self-Efficacy During Self-Regulated Learning. Educational Psychologist, 25(1), 71-86. [Google Scholar]
  81. Shotka, J. (1960). Critical Thinking in The First Grade. In A.J. Mazurkiewicz (Ed.), New Perspectives in Reading Instruction (pp. 297-305). New York: Pitman. [Google Scholar]
  82. Smith, N.B. (1965). The Good Reader Thinks Critically. In M.A. Dawson (Ed.), Developing Comprehension: Including Critical Reading (pp. 6-15). Newark, DE: International Reading Association. [Google Scholar]
  83. Snow, C. E., Burns, M. S. & Griffin, P. (1998). Preventing Reading Difficulties in Young Children. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. [Google Scholar]
  84. Sonleitner, C.L. (2001). Metacognitive Strategy Use and its Effect on College Biology Students’ Attitude Toward Reading in The Content Area (Unpublished Master of Science) Oklahoma State University Bachelor of Science, USA. [Google Scholar]
  85. Stokmans, M. J. (1999). Reading Attitude and Its Effect on Leisure Time Reading. Poetics, 26(4), 245-261. [Google Scholar]
  86. Temizkan, M. (2008). Bilişsel Okuma Stratejilerinin Türkçe Derslerinde Bilgiye Dayalı Metinleri Okuduğunu Anlama Üzerindeki Etkisi. Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 28 (2), 129-148. [Google Scholar]
  87. Temur, T. & Bahar, Ö. (2011). Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies of Turkish Learners Who Learn English As A Foreign Language. European Journal of Educational Studies, 3(2), 421-427. [Google Scholar]
  88. The Secretary's Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills, (SCANS). (1991). What Work Requires of Schools: A SCANS Report for America 2000. Washington DC: U.S. Department of Labor. [Google Scholar]
  89. Topuzkanamış, E. (2010). Öğretmen Adaylarının Okuduğunu Anlama ve Okuma Stratejilerini Kullanma Düzeyleri. Türklük Bilimi Araştırmaları, (27), 655-677. [Google Scholar]
  90. Ünal, T. A. & Sever, A. (2013). Türkçe Öğretmeni Adaylarının Eleştirel Okumaya Yönelik Özyeterlik Algıları. Dil ve Edebiyat Eğitimi Dergisi. 2(6), 33-42. [Google Scholar]
  91. Ünalan, Ş. (2006). Türkçe Öğretimi (3. Baskı). Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım. [Google Scholar]
  92. Weinert, F. E. (1987). Introduction and Overview: Metacognition and Motivation As Determinants of Effective Learning and Understanding. In F. E. Weinert & R. H. Kluwe (Eds.), Metacognition, Motivation and Understanding. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. [Google Scholar]
  93. Wheeler,L.K.(2007).Critical Reading of an Essay's Argument. Retrieved February 3. (http://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/reading_basic.html). [Google Scholar]
  94. Williams, K. A. (2002). Measurement of Critical Thinking in College Students: Assesing the Model. Doctoral Dissertation, James Madison Universty. [Google Scholar]
  95. Young, A., & Fry, J. D. (2008). Metacognitive Awareness and Academic Achievement in College Students. Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 8(2), 1-10. [Google Scholar]
  96. Zhang, L., & Seepho, S. (2013). Metacognitive Strategy Use and Academic Reading Achievement: Insights from A Chinese Context. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 10(1). [Google Scholar]